Towards climate resilient urban energy systems: a review     

Vahid M Nik  A T D Perera  Deliang Chen 《国家科学评论(英文版)》2021,8(3)

Climate change and increased urban population are two major concerns for society. Moving towards more sustainable energy solutions in the urban context by integrating renewable energy technologies supports decarbonizing the energy sector and climate change mitigation. A successful transition also needs adequate consideration of climate change including extreme events to ensure the reliable performance of energy systems in the long run. This review provides an overview of and insight into the progress achieved in the energy sector to adapt to climate change, focusing on the climate resilience of urban energy systems. The state-of-the-art methodology to assess impacts of climate change including extreme events and uncertainties on the design and performance of energy systems is described and discussed. Climate resilience is an emerging concept that is increasingly used to represent the durability and stable performance of energy systems against extreme climate events. However, it has not yet been adequately explored and widely used, as its definition has not been clearly articulated and assessment is mostly based on qualitative aspects. This study reveals that a major limitation in the state-of-the-art is the inadequacy of climate change adaptation approaches in designing and preparing urban energy systems to satisfactorily address plausible extreme climate events. Furthermore, the complexity of the climate and energy models and the mismatch between their temporal and spatial resolutions are the major limitations in linking these models. Therefore, few studies have focused on the design and operation of urban energy infrastructure in terms of climate resilience. Considering the occurrence of extreme climate events and increasing demand for implementing climate adaptation strategies, the study highlights the importance of improving energy system models to consider future climate variations including extreme events to identify climate resilient energy transition pathways.  相似文献   

Assessing policies for attracting international students: case of Malaysia     

Siew Yean Tham  Nik K.N. Mahmod  Rokiah Alavi 《Asia Pacific Journal of Education》2013,33(1):112-126

While the world market for international students in higher education is dominated by traditional major players such as the US, UK and Australia, Malaysia has emerged as a recent contender with a market share of 2%. There is a gap in the literature in assessing the contributions of policy initiatives, including trade agreements, towards attracting inbound international students, especially from emerging contenders such as Malaysia. The objective of this paper is to compare and assess the policy initiatives at the unilateral, multilateral, regional and bilateral level and their impact on the host environment which is defined in terms of the key pull factors that have attracted international students to Malaysia. The main findings show that domestic policy initiatives have enhanced the host environment for attracting international students by providing a governance system that protects the interests of international students through its regulations. Efforts to improve quality assurance and accreditation also serve to attract international students. The regulation of fees contributed towards competitively priced programmes that are also pull factors. Multilateral, regional and bilateral commitments are relatively new, emerging only after 2006, and have less potential influence on inflows of international students as these commitments reflect, at best, existing practices in this sector.  相似文献   

Science Trainee Teachers' Pedagogical Content Knowledge and its Influence on Physics Teaching     

Lilia Halim  Subahan Mohd. Mohd.> Meerah 《Research in Science & Technological Education》2013,31(2):215-225

This study examined Malaysian science teachers' pedagogical content knowledge (PCK) of selected physics concepts. The two components of PCK investigated were (i) knowledge of students' understanding, conceptions and misconceptions of topics, and (ii) knowledge of strategies and representations for teaching particular topics. The participants were 12 trainee teachers from various academic science backgrounds attending a one-year postgraduate teacher-training course. They were interviewed on selected basic concepts in physics that are found in the Malaysian Integrated Science curriculum for lower secondary level. The findings showed that trainee teachers' PCK for promoting conceptual understanding is limited. They lacked the ability to transform their understanding of basic concepts in physics required to teach lower secondary school science pupils. The trainees' level of content knowledge affected their awareness of pupils' likely misconceptions. Consequently, the trainees were unable to employ the appropriate teaching strategies required to explain the scientific ideas. This study provides some pedagogical implications for the training of science teachers.  相似文献   

题目：利用稻壳灰和人工砂的轻质油棕壳混凝土力学性能的提高     

Kah Yen FOONG  U.Johnson ALENGARAM  Mohd Zamin JUMAAT  Kim Hung MO 《浙江大学学报(A卷英文版)》2015,(1):59-69

目的：探索稻壳灰和人工砂在轻质油棕壳混凝土中部分替换水泥和细骨料对混凝土力学性能的影响,期望得到力学性能较高的轻质混凝土。方法：1.将不同比例的稻壳灰（5%,10%,15%和20%）替换水泥和100%的人工砂或石粉替换沙子,研究它们对混凝土抗压强度的影响;2.研究不同替换比例的稻壳灰（0和15%）和人工砂（0,50%和100%）对混凝土力学性能的综合影响。结论：1.在15%的稻壳灰替换水泥和100%人工砂替换沙子的情况下,最大抗压强度为51.49 MPa;2.替换比例为15%稻壳灰和100%人工砂的组合表现出最好的力学性能,包括抗压强度、抗拉强度、抗弯强度和杨氏模量。  相似文献   

Analysis of Intrinsic and Extrinsic Coagulation Pathway Factors in OCP Treated PCOS Women     

Saika Manzoor  Mohd A. Ganie  Sabhiya Majid  Iram Shabir  Iram A. Kawa  Qudsia Fatima  Humira Jeelani  Syed Douhath Yousuf  Fouzia Rashid 《Indian journal of clinical biochemistry : IJCB》2021,36(3):278

Human polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS)—a cluster of diseases displays various symptoms associated with endocrine and gynecological disorders in childbearing women. Oral contraceptive pills (OCP) being a drug of choice minimizes symptoms and complications associated with the disorder. But, the controversial data available in literature regarding use of OCPs compels us to setup a study design regarding effect of OCP treatment in PCOS subjects and the possible outcomes specifically regarding coagulation pathways. Two PCOS study groups have been selected according to Rotterdam Criteria: one with OCP treatment (n = 50) and other without any drug treatment i.e., drug naive (n = 50). Anthropometry, Biochemistry, Hormones, Insulin and various clotting factors like Factor XI, Factor V, tPA, TAT-III and D-dimer were analyzed in both groups. The results showed worsening of IR, Metabolic parameters and coagulopathy in OCP group comparative to drug naive group indicating adverse effects of the OCP treatment which puts these women at risk for number of future clinical implications especially Cardiovascular and metabolic complications.  相似文献   

Piper sarmentosum as an antioxidant on oxidative stress in human umbilical vein endothelial cells induced by hydrogen peroxide     

Abdul Hamid HAFIZAH  Zakaria ZAITON  Amom ZULKHAIRI  Adenan MOHD ILHAM  Megat Mohd Nordin NOR ANITA  Abdullah Mahdy ZALEHA 《Journal of Zhejiang University. Science. B》2010,11(5):357-365

Endothelial cell death due to increased reactive oxygen species(ROS) may contribute to the initial endothelial injury,which promotes atherosclerotic lesion formation.Piper sarmentosum(PS),a natural product,has been shown to have an antioxidant property,which is hypothesized to inhibit production of ROS and prevent cell injury.Thus,the present study was designed to determine the effects of PS on the hydrogen peroxide(H2O2)-induced oxidative cell damage in cultured human umbilical vein endothelial cells(HUVECs).In this experiment,HUVECs were obtained by collagenase perfusion of the large vein in the umbilical cord and cultured in medium M200 supplemented with low serum growth supplementation(LSGS).HUVECs were treated with various concentrations of H2O2(0-1000 μmol/L) and it was observed that 180 μmol/L H2O2 reduced cell viability by 50% as denoted by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide(MTT) assay.Using the above concentration as the positive control,the H2O2-induced HUVECs were concomitantly treated with various concentrations(100,150,250 and 300 μg/ml) of three different extracts(aqueous,methanol and hexane) of PS.Malondialdehyde(MDA),superoxide dismutase(SOD),catalase(CAT) and glutathione peroxidase(GPX) levels showed a significant increase(P0.05) in HUVECs compared to the negative control.However,PS extracts showed a protective effect on HUVECs from H2O2-induced cell apoptosis with a significant reduction in MDA,SOD,CAT and GPX levels(P0.05).Furthermore,PS had exhibited ferric reducing antioxidant power with its high phenolic content.Hence,it was concluded that PS plays a beneficial role in reducing oxidative stress in H2O2-induced HUVECs.  相似文献   

The impact of electronic communication technology on written language     

Mohd. Sahandri Gani B. Hamzah Mohd. Reza Ghorbani Saifuddin Kumar B. Abdullah 《美中教育评论》2009,6(11):75-79

Communication technology is changing things. Language is no exception. Some language researchers argue that language is deteriorating due to increased use in electronic communication. The present paper investigated 100 randomly selected electronic mails （e-mails） and 50 short messaging system （SMS） messages of a representative sample of international students in University Putra Malaysia （UPM） to find out the impact of these two specific modes of electronic communication on written language use. The e-mails from UPM International Students Association （UPM-ISA） yahoo group were content analyzed. A non-probability convenience sampling was used to select the 50 short message services sent to the researcher about different subject matters by Malaysian and international students at UPM. Then, they were also content analyzed. The results indicated that the language used in students＇ e-mails and SMS messaging was full of spoken-like spelling, unconventional use of punctuation and abbreviations, and ungrammatical sentences. However, the more in-depth content analysis of the data revealed that the written language is being creatively adapted, developed, and enhanced to suit the conditions of the electronic communication age. Syntactical and lexical reductions are just strategies used to reduce effort, time and space.  相似文献   

Evaluating digital libraries: a systematised review          下载免费PDF全文

Alireza Rahimi  Mohammad R. Soleymani  Alireza Hashemian  Mohammad R. Hashemian  Azra Daei 《Health information and libraries journal》2018,35(3):180-191

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Conducting tests of hypotheses: The need for an adequate sample size     

Ratnawati Mohd Asraf  James K. Brewer 《The Australian Educational Researcher》2004,31(1):79-94

This article addresses the importance of obtaining a sample of an adequate size for the purpose of testing hypotheses. The logic underlying the requirement for a minimum sample size for hypothesis testing is discussed, as well as the criteria for determining it. Implications for researchers working with convenient samples of a fixed size are also considered, and suggestions are given about the steps that should be taken when they are not able to obtain a large enough sample. Finally, the implications of not having an adequate sample size for hypothesis testing are discussed to highlight the importance of determining sample size prior to conducting one’s study.  相似文献   

Some forms of in‐service teacher education in Yugoslavia     

Nikša Nikola Šoljan 《欧洲师范教育杂志》1978,1(2):93-97

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