ISPCAN Child Abuse Screening Tools Retrospective version (ICAST-R): Delphi study and field testing in seven countries     

Michael P. Dunne  Adam J. Zolotor  Desmond K. Runyan  Inna Andreva-Miller  Wan Yuen Choo  Simon K. Dunne  Bernard Gerbaka  Oksana Isaeva  Dipty Jain  Mohd Sham Kasim  Bonnie Macfarlane  Nurgul Mamyrova  Clemencia Ramirez  Elena Volkova  Randa Youssef 《Child abuse & neglect》2009,33(11):815-825

ObjectivesTo gain consensus among an ethnically and linguistically diverse group of international child protection experts on the structure and content of a new survey tool for retrospective measurement of child abuse, and to determine the performance of the instrument through an international field trial with young adults.MethodsThe questionnaire was developed through focus group discussions with international experts, and then subjected to a Delphi study in two waves to determine the perceived importance and translatability of items. The resultant questionnaire was translated into six languages and field tested in seven countries with convenient samples of young adults aged 18–26 years (N = 842).ResultsChild maltreatment experts from 28 countries provided input to questionnaire development. Satisfactory agreement on draft item inclusion and exclusion and the translatability of items was gained. The tool includes 15 primary questions about potentially abusive physical, sexual and emotional events, with follow-up questions about perpetrator characteristics, frequency of acts and periods in childhood when the recalled abuse occurred. The field test revealed lifetime prevalence per item usually exceeded 10% (11/15 items; range 2.1–49.5%). Internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha) was moderate to high for each of three item sub-sets (between .61 and .82) and the rates of missing data were low (less than 1.5% for 14 of 15 items). The great majority of respondents nominated either peer and/or adult perpetrators (between 82.3% and 98.2% depending upon the item), and among these, child/adolescent peers and non-family adults (including teachers for emotional and physical acts) were nominated often.ConclusionsThe ICAST-R is based on consensus from international experts, translates clearly and has satisfactory properties for adoption as a survey tool to estimate prevalence and describe perpetrators and other contextual aspects of child abuse.Practice implicationsThis tool can be utilized in a broad range of cultures and languages and may contribute to improved research practice. Although the core items are limited to just 15 acts of maltreatment, if these behaviorally specific questions are adopted as key indicators and incorporated into comprehensive local, national or regional surveys, eventually there should be greater comparability in survey estimates.  相似文献   

The development and piloting of the ISPCAN Child Abuse Screening Tool—Parent version (ICAST-P)     

Desmond K. Runyan  Michael P. Dunne  Adam J. Zolotor  Bernadette Madrid  Dipty Jain  Bernard Gerbaka  Daniel Mbassa Menick  Inna Andreva-Miller  Mohammed Sham Kasim  Wan Yuen Choo  Oksana Isaeva  Bonnie Macfarlane  Clemencia Ramirez  Elena Volkova  Randa M. Youssef 《Child abuse & neglect》2009,33(11):826-832

ObjectiveChild maltreatment is a problem that has longer recognition in the northern hemisphere and in high-income countries. Recent work has highlighted the nearly universal nature of the problem in other countries but demonstrated the lack of comparability of studies because of the variations in definitions and measures used. The International Society for the Prevention of Child Abuse and Neglect has developed instrumentation that may be used with cross-cultural and cross-national benchmarking by local investigators.Design and samplingThe instrument design began with a team of expert in Brisbane in 2004. A large bank of questions were subjected to two rounds of Delphi review to develop the fielded version of the instrument. Convenience samples included approximately 120 parent respondents with children under the age of 18 in each of six countries (697 total).ResultsThis paper presents an instrument that measures parental behaviors directed at children and reports data from pilot work in 6 countries and 7 languages. Patterns of response revealed few missing values and distributions of responses that generally were similar in the six countries. Subscales performed well in terms of internal consistency with Cronbach's alpha in very good range (0.77–0.88) with the exception of the neglect and sex abuse subscales. Results varied by child age and gender in expected directions but with large variations among the samples. About 15% of children were shaken, 24% hit on the buttocks with an object, and 37% were spanked. Reports of choking and smothering were made by 2% of parents.ConclusionThese pilot data demonstrate that the instrument is well tolerated and captures variations in, and potentially harmful forms of child discipline.Practice implicationsThe ISPCAN Child Abuse Screening Tool – Parent Version (ICAST-P) has been developed as a survey instrument to be administered to parents for the assessment of child maltreatment in a multi-national and multi-cultural context. It was developed with broad input from international experts and subjected to Dephi review, translation, and pilot testing in six countries. The results of the Delphi study and pilot testing are presented. This study demonstrates that a single instrument can be used in a broad range of cultures and languages with low rates of missing data and moderate to high internal consistency.  相似文献   

Gendered Stories of Adaptation and Resistance: a Feminist Multiple Case Study of Immigrant Women     

Oksana Yakushko  Melissa L. Morgan-Consoli 《International journal for the advancement of counseling》2014,36(1):70-83

This multiple qualitative case study with eight immigrant women examined women’s stories of migration and post-relocation adjustment to the U.S. The results showed that women described their lived experiences in distinctly gendered terms. The four superordinate themes that were present in their stories were Gendered Adaptation, Gendered Resilience, Gendered Violence, and Gendered Discrimination. Implications of these results for counseling practice, research, and advocacy are discussed.  相似文献   

Evaluation of educational administration: A decade review of research (2001–2010)     

Oksana Parylo 《Studies in Educational Evaluation》2012,38(3-4):73-83

This sequential mixed methods study analyzed how program evaluation was used to assess educational administration and examined thematic trends in educational evaluation published over 10 years (2001–2010). First, qualitative content analysis examined the articles in eight peer-reviewed evaluation journals. This analysis revealed that numerous studies have examined educational topics; however, very few of these studies (5 in total) solely focused on evaluating educational administration. Second, quantitative comparison of articles in three select journals (N = 671) showed that in these educational journals, major foci of the published studies were on teaching and learning (20%) and assessment and achievement (13.9%). In comparison, educational administration and leadership was among the least examined (2.3%), being second only to homeschooling (1.6%).  相似文献   

Seeking Help in a Foreign Land: International Students' Use Patterns for a U.S. University Counseling Center     

Oksana Yakushko  M. Meghan Davidson  Tiffany C. Sanford‐Martens 《Journal of College Counseling》2008,11(1):6-18

This archival study examined the use of a university counseling center's services by international students during a 5‐year period. Variables analyzed included clients' presenting concerns, students' demographic characteristics, number of counseling sessions attended, and reasons for termination. Implications for counselor training, outreach activities, and counseling services on college campuses are discussed.  相似文献   

Principals’ experiences of being evaluated: a phenomenological study     

Oksana Parylo  Sally J. Zepeda  Ed Bengtson 《Educational Assessment, Evaluation and Accountability》2012,24(3):215-238

This phenomenological study sought to understand principals?? lived experiences of being evaluated with reliance on the principles of developmental supervision and adult learning theory. Analysis of interview data from 16 principals revealed 3 major constructs in principal evaluation: evaluation is a complex, constantly changing system; principal evaluation is a year-long continuous process; and, effective principal evaluation is transparent, planned, and aligned with personal and system goals. Principal evaluation incorporated experiential and self-directed learning, and emphasized structure, collaboration, and ownership of the process by principals. Directive informational and collaborative interpersonal approaches were favored by principals and their evaluators. The findings contribute new knowledge about the phenomenon and have implications for reconceptualization and redesign of principal evaluation processes.  相似文献