Exploring the theory-practice gap in initial teacher education: moving beyond questions of relevance to issues of power and authority   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Oliver McGarr  Emmanuel O’Grady  Liam Guilfoyle 《师资教育杂志》2017,43(1):48-60

The ‘theory-practice divide’ in teacher education can be viewed not simply as an acceptance of a body of knowledge but instead an acceptance of the teacher educator’s authority to determine what is relevant educational theory. This research aimed to explore student teachers’ views of ‘educational theory’ and how it was discursively positioned relative to their practice in an attempt to examine whether their acceptance or rejection of it was also related to accepting the authority of the teacher educator. Using one-to-one interviews with 23 student teachers and employing a discourse analysis, four categories of students emerged. The paper describes these four categories and discusses the implications of these findings for initial teacher education and our understanding of the ‘theory-practice’ gap.  相似文献   

Dynamic forces in multiport mechanics: Direct and Lagrangian formulations     

Dean Karnopp 《Journal of The Franklin Institute》1982,314(5):265-270

Holonomic systems can be represented by a bond graph in which inertial variables are related to generalized variables using a multiport displacement-modulated transformer structure. It is shown that the part of the generalized forces due to inertial elements can be found either by direct calculation or by the operations of Lagrange's equations. Although no gyrators are needed for the representation, gyrational coupling may exist. Alternative representations may involve gyrators explicitly and it is possible to construct kinetic co-energy functions for these gyrators for use in Lagrange's equations.  相似文献   

US higher education in a budgetary vortex��1992�C2007: tracing the positioning of academe in the context of growing inequality     

Miguel de Oliver  Felecia M. Briscoe 《Higher Education》2011,62(5):607-618

Through comparative statistical data of public investment trends in higher education, the institution of higher education in the US is contemporarily contextualized within the growing milieu of disparity. Specifically, this study focuses on the period from 1992 to 2007 to see if a mitigation of the growing economic disparity projected per the Kuznets curve was reflected in the prioritization of higher education support needed to preserve the social mobility of the workforce. Through the analysis of higher educational expenditure within the budgetary priorities of the 50 states from 1992 to roughly the present, this paper reveals that, in absolute terms or by disproportional emphasis, the institutional repositioning of higher education necessary for a Kuznets curve readjustment of disparity has not occurred.  相似文献   

Medical students' attitudes toward the anatomy dissection room in relation to personality     

Plaisant O  Courtois R  Toussaint PJ  Mendelsohn GA  John OP  Delmas V  Moxham BJ 《Anatomical sciences education》2011,4(6):305-310

Assessment of the personalities of medical students could enable medical educators to formulate strategies for the best development of academic and clinical competencies. In this article, we focus on the experience of students in the anatomy dissecting room. While there have been many attempts to evaluate the emotional responses of medical students to human cadaveric dissection, there has been no investigation into how different personality traits affect the responses. The main hypothesis tested was that there is a relationship between personality traits and attitudes toward the dissection room. For the present study, a group of French medical students (n = 403; mean age 21.3 ± 1.6; 65.3% female) completed a "Big Five" personality inventory and a questionnaire to assess their attitudes in regard to human dissection. The findings are consistent with our hypothesis, in that we found a relationship between reporting anxiety and four of the "Big Five" dimensions (all except openness). The rated level of anxiety was positively correlated with negative affectivity, more strongly at the beginning than at the end of the course. There were significant gender differences in attitudes toward dissection. The findings are discussed in relation to the possibility of preparing students for the dissecting room experience and also in relation to the students' understanding of mortality issues.  相似文献   

Customized USB flash drives used to promote library resources and services to first-year medical and dental students     

Matsoukas K  Meret A  Oliver JT  Purcell M 《Medical reference services quarterly》2011,30(2):107-119

In line with its institution's commitment to keep new student orientation/welcome events "green," Columbia University's Health Sciences Library (HSL) applied for a National Network of Libraries of Medicine Middle Atlantic Region (NN/LM MAR) Small Projects Award(1) in Spring/Summer 2009 to explore paperless modes of outreach. This article describes the project that resulted from this funding, whose purpose was to determine whether customized 1 GB USB flash drives are a good vehicle for distributing library promotional materials to incoming medical and dental students. This project gave HSL librarians the opportunity to connect with students in a way that had not been done before and to consider how these new students use/view the information the library produces.  相似文献   

English Premiership Academy knee injuries: lessons from a 5 year study   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

Moore O  Cloke DJ  Avery PJ  Beasley I  Deehan DJ 《Journal of sports sciences》2011,29(14):1535-1544

This study addresses the epidemiology of knee injuries in adolescent males. Data were collected prospectively from 41 Premiership soccer academies over a 5 year period from July 2000 to June 2005. A total of 12,306 player seasons were registered in the U9 to the U16 age categories with a total of 1750 recordable injuries specific to the knee joint. There was a mean incidence of 0.71 (95% confidence interval ± 0.05) knee injuries per player per year, and a median of 17 (inter-quartile range 9-38) training days and 2 (inter-quartile range 1-4) matches missed per knee injury. Knee injuries were found to be most common in the 14-16 year age group. Six hundred and nine (35% of total) injuries were classed as severe resulting in more than 28 days' absence. Injuries were more likely to be sustained in a competitive or match-play environment (862 or 52%) than in training (796 or 48%), and a non-contact mechanism was implicated in 823 (55%) of recorded cases. Peaks in injury numbers were seen in early season and subsequent to the winter break. Sprain was the most common diagnosis recorded, with the medial collateral ligament affected in 23% of all knee injuries. Knee injuries are common in elite youth footballers. In this uninsured age group, it could be argued that earlier medical intervention may reduce long-term damage to the immature skeleton.  相似文献   

The long-term athlete development model: physiological evidence and application   总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0  

Ford P  De Ste Croix M  Lloyd R  Meyers R  Moosavi M  Oliver J  Till K  Williams C 《Journal of sports sciences》2011,29(4):389-402

Within the UK, the "Long Term Athlete Development" (LTAD) model has been proposed by a variety of national governing bodies to offer a first step to considering the approach to talent development. The model, which is primarily a physiological perspective, presents an advancement of understanding of developing athletic potential alongside biological growth. It focuses on training to optimize performance longitudinally, and considers sensitive developmental periods known as "windows of opportunity". However, it appears that there are a number of problems with this theoretical model that are not necessarily transparent to coaches. Principally, the model is only one-dimensional, there is a lack of empirical evidence upon which the model is based, and interpretations of the model are restricted because the data on which it is based rely on questionable assumptions and erroneous methodologies. Fundamentally, this is a generic model rather than an individualized plan for athletes. It is crucial that the LTAD model is seen as a "work in progress" and the challenge, particularly for paediatric exercise scientists, is to question, test, and revise the model. It is unlikely that this can be accomplished using classical experimental research methodology but this should not deter practitioners from acquiring valid and reliable evidence.  相似文献   

Effects of self-talk: a systematic review     

Tod D  Hardy J  Oliver E 《运动与训练心理学杂志》2011,33(5):666-687

This article presents a systematic review of the literature examining the relationship between self-talk and performance. "Second-generation questions" regarding potential mediators and moderators of the self-talk-performance relationship were also examined. A total of 47 studies were analyzed. Results indicated beneficial effects of positive, instructional, and motivational self-talk for performance. Somewhat surprisingly, two evidence-based challenges to popular current viewpoints on self-talk emerged. First, negative self-talk did not impede performance. Second, there was inconsistent evidence for the differential effects of instructional and motivational self-talk based on task characteristics. Results from the mediation-based analysis indicate that cognitive and behavioral factors had the most consistent relationships with self-talk. The findings are discussed in the context of recent theoretical advances, and the article includes recommendations for future research (e.g., the use of designs allowing the testing of meditational hypotheses) and for current applied practice (e.g., avoiding the use of thought-stopping techniques).  相似文献   

"A man's game": cricket, war and masculinity, South Africa, 1899-1902     

Allen D 《国际体育史杂志》2011,28(1):63-80

As practitioners of the imperial sport of the Victorian age, cricketers rallied whenever war descended upon England and its colonies. The South African War of 1899-1902 was no different. Adding to existing work on cricket's imperial development within South Africa, this study marks a significant contribution to research on the link between masculinity, war and sport during the Victorian era. A concept emerging from the English public schools of the mid- to late nineteenth century, the masculine ethos of sport and military honour had reached colonial South Africa by the outbreak of war in 1899. In its analysis of cricket and masculinity, this essay examines the events surrounding the war in South Africa and provides an example of the distinct relationship that existed between the military and the masculinity of sport and its organisation during this era.  相似文献   

Adult Role Models: Feasibility,Acceptability, and Initial Outcomes for Sex Education     

Lisa Colarossi  Ellen Johnson Silver  Randa Dean  Amanda Perez  Angelic Rivera 《American journal of sexuality education》2014,9(2):155-175

The authors present the feasibility and acceptability of a parent sexuality education program led by peer educators in community settings. They also report the results of an outcome evaluation with 71 parents who were randomized to the intervention or a control group and surveyed one month prior to and six months after the four-week intervention. The program was highly feasible and acceptable to participants, and the curriculum was implemented with a high level of fidelity and facilitator quality. Pilot data show promising outcomes for increasing parental knowledge, communication, and monitoring of their adolescent children.  相似文献