Using the communities of practice framework to examine an after‐school environmental education program for Hispanic youth     

Olivia M. Aguilar  Marianne E. Krasny 《Environmental Education Research》2011,17(2):217-233

Environmental education researchers have called for a greater analysis of ‘learning’ in environmental education in relation to contemporary theories and explanatory frameworks of learning. Situated learning, as a prominent example, is a sociocultural theory that contends that learning is a social process that occurs as individuals participate in ‘communities of practice’. This study aims to enhance our understanding of the usefulness and applicability of the communities of practice framework to the analysis of learning in environmental education, focusing on the learning in after‐school environmental education programs for Hispanic youth. Results suggest that the framework can be applied to identify some environmental education programs as communities of practice, characterized by the development of joint enterprise, mutual engagement, and shared repertoire. The framework was also found to be useful in identifying and describing learning as bringing about changes in identity formation as a result of participation in the programs. Finally, we suggest that such programs, due to their free‐choice nature and multiple opportunities for participation, also offer suitable contexts for further research regarding the relevance of sociocultural theories of learning to environmental education practice.  相似文献   

Designing Emergency Preparedness Resources for Children with Autism     

Casey Olivia Edmonds 《International Journal of Disability, Development & Education》2017,64(4):404-419

Emergency preparedness is a fast developing field of education driven by the numerous disasters worldwide with more recent notable examples including the terrorist attacks of 9/11 in the US in 2001, the 2004 Indian Ocean Tsunami, Hurricane Katrina in 2005, the London bombings in 2005, the earthquake in China in 2008, the Great East Japan Earthquake in 2011, Hurricane Sandy in 2012 and more recently the Paris terror attacks in 2015. Whilst there is a growing literature focusing on the psychological implications of such disasters on children, there remains a lack of focus on disability, particularly neurodevelopmental disabilities such as autism. Due to the nature of autism, it is likely that this group will have specific needs during disasters and emergency situations and may find such situations more stressful than their typically developing peers, as such they can be considered a more at risk group in such events. In this article, I consider the need for an intervention for a nearly wholly neglected group in the field of education for emergency preparedness, children with autism, and report on phase one of a project aimed at designing resources for this group.  相似文献   

A study of writing mechanisms in Spanish primary education children / Estudio de los mecanismos de escritura en niños españoles de Educación Primaria     

Nagore González-Martín  Paz Suárez-Coalla  Olivia Afonso  Fernando Cuetos 《Infancia y Aprendizaje》2017,40(1):88-119

Several studies performed on deep orthography systems reveal variables that influence writing latencies that occur over the course of learning. In transparent orthographies such as Spanish there are very few studies on writing that measure latencies and duration. The aim of this present study was to take a more in-depth look at knowledge of the writing mechanisms used by Spanish children in primary education, by studying the errors, latencies and duration of the writing of words. To do this, sixty children performed a copying task and a dictation task with regular words of different frequency and length. The obtained results show changes in the writing mechanisms used by the children as they became more expert, as indicated by the greater effect of word length in the first years of primary. This word length effect is a more determining factor with regard to the number of letters in words than for the number of syllables. These results hold important implications for the teaching of writing in Spanish.  相似文献   

‘If not now,when?’: feminism,activism and social movements in the European South and beyond     

Angie Voela  Olivia Guaraldo 《Gender and education》2016,28(3):315-329

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Perinatal experiences: the association of stress, childbearing, breastfeeding, and early mothering     

Humenick SS  Howell OS 《The Journal of perinatal education》2003,12(3):16-41

The support of women and their families through childbirth, breastfeeding, and early parenting experiences are often treated as separate areas of maternity care. In fact, growing evidence, as cited in this article, links their intertwined impact on the health of mothers, infants, and their families.  相似文献   

Writing difficulties in Alzheimer’s disease and mild cognitive impairment     

Afonso  Olivia  Álvarez  Carlos J.  Martínez  Carmen  Cuetos  Fernando 《Reading and writing》2019,32(1):217-233

The present study addresses the scope of the writing difficulties observed in patients with Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and mild cognitive impairment (MCI). Patients with AD, patients with MCI and healthy controls performed a written picture-naming task and a direct copy transcoding task in which phonology-to-orthography (P–O) consistency was manipulated. Written latencies, inter-letter durations, mean word pen pressure and number of errors were measured. Results revealed that there was a significant difference between the control group and both groups of patients in written latencies and number of errors. However, in inter-letter interval or mean pen pressure there were significant differences only between the group with AD and the other groups. P–O consistency and the type of task produced similar effects in the three groups of participants, suggesting a general deficit affecting the ability to access/generate orthographic representations. The relevance of these results for understanding the spelling impairment in AD and MCI are discussed.

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Browse and Search Patterns in a Digital Image Database     

C. Olivia Frost  Bradley Taylor  Anna Noakes  Stephen Markel  Deborah Torres  Karen M. Drabenstott 《Information Retrieval》2000,1(4):287-313

A prototype image retrieval system with browse and search capabilities was developed to investigate patterns of searching a collection of digital visual images, as well as factors, such as image size, resolution, and download speed, which affect browsing. The subject populations were art history specialists and non-specialists. Through focus group interviews, a controlled test, post-test interviews and an online survey, data was gathered to compare preferences and actual patterns of use in browsing and searching. While specialists preferred direct search to browsing, and generalists used browsing as their preferred mode, both user groups found each mode to play a role depending on information need, and found value in a system combining both browse and direct search. There were no significant differences in performance among the search modes of browse, search, and combined browse/search models when the quasi-controlled study tested the different modes.  相似文献   

Principal components analysis to characterise fatigue-related changes in technique: Application to double under jump rope     

Olivia Bruce  Kimberly Moull 《Journal of sports sciences》2017,35(13):1300-1309

The upper extremities play an important role in managing the rope-turning technique required to perform continuous double unders. However, acute adaptions in this technique may occur as a jumper fatigues. The purpose of this study was to examine how turning technique is adapted with fatigue. Three-dimensional kinematic data of the upper extremity were collected from 10 trained athletes as they performed consecutive double unders to volitional fatigue. Time series wrist, elbow and shoulder joint angles were calculated where joint angle waveforms representing 10 unique trials from the beginning (“fresh”) and end (“fatigued”) of the continuous jumping protocol for all participants were analysed using principal component analysis. Participants reported stopping due to cardiovascular and shoulder muscular fatigue. From a kinematics perspective, with fatigue athletes used a more internally rotated range of motion at the shoulder, which we believe prompted a series of more distal adaptions in order to maintain rope turning, preserving consecutive double under performance. The presence of a maladaptive adaptation at the shoulder may increase the risk of developing shoulder injuries. Coaches should consider helping jumpers develop appropriate shoulder muscle endurance such that they can continue to maximise their training and proficiency, while protecting against potential fatigue-related maladaptation.  相似文献   

Candidates’ use of informal communication on social media reduces credibility and support: Examining the consequences of expectancy violations     

Olivia M. Bullock  Austin Y. Hubner 《Communication Research Reports》2020,37(3):87-98

ABSTRACT

This experiment (N= 476) investigates how individuals evaluate political candidates who use informal communication on social media. We use expectancy violations theory (EVT) to predict that informal communication will lead to negative evaluations. Our results suggest that politicians’ use of informal communication on social media leads to expectancy violation, which decreases perceived credibility and lessens intention to support a candidate. This effect was not moderated by sex (male versus female) or age (young versus old) of the candidate, nor of participants being the same sex as the candidate. These findings suggest that political figures should use informal communication on social media with caution.  相似文献   

Breaking into the business: experiences of actors with disabilities in the entertainment industry     

Olivia Raynor  Katharine Hayward 《Journal of Research in Special Educational Needs》2009,9(1):39-47

The pursuit of an acting career is a difficult one for anybody. However, studies have yet to factor how disability affects casting opportunities. This study describes the employment of actors with disabilities, along with the unique barriers they encounter in the audition and casting process. Actors with disabilities from the Screen Actors Guild (SAG) were recruited to participate in focus groups and complete a questionnaire. The results indicate having a disability amplifies difficulties in gaining employment, particularly for females. Participants aged 40 years and over were more likely to work in a lead or supporting role compared to those under 40. Participants identified several barriers to employment in the entertainment industry including industry attitudes about working with actors with disabilities; being restricted to disability specific roles; and fears about requesting an accommodation.  相似文献