Effects of dynamic upper-body exercise on lower-limb isometric endurance     

Easton C  Finlay C  Findlay C  Morrison G  Spurway NC 《Journal of sports sciences》2007,25(10):1101-1107

Following preliminary indications that in some individuals arm exercise enhanced rather than reduced simultaneous leg endurance, ten young men and women performed three forms of intermittent work to volitional exhaustion, under duty cycles of 45 s work, 15 s rest. The protocols were as follows: (A) knee extensions at 30% maximum voluntary contraction (MVC); (B) 30% MVC knee extensions combined with arm cranking at 130% of their own lactate threshold; (C) combined 30% MVC knee extensions and arm cranking at 20% of their own lactate threshold. Heart rate, oxygen uptake (VO(2)), and blood lactate concentration were among the variables recorded throughout. All physiological indicators of demand were substantially higher in protocol B than in protocols A or C [heart rate: (A) 154 beats . min(-1), (B) 171 beats . min(-1), (C) 150 beats . min(-1); VO(2): (A) 11.9 ml . kg(-1) . min(-1), (B) 21.7 ml . kg(-1) . min(-1), (C) 14.2 ml . kg(-1) . min(-1); blood lactate concentration: (A) 3.3 mmol . l(-1), (B) 5.1 mmol . l(-1), (C) 2.8 mmol . l(-1)], yet there were no significant differences (P > 0.05) in the endurance times between the three conditions [(A) 11.43 min, (B) 11.1 min, (C) 10.57 min] and seven participants endured longest in protocol B. Results from protocol (C) cast doubt on explanations in terms of psychological distraction. We suggest that lactic acid produced by the arms is shuttled to the legs and acts there either as a supplementary fuel source or as an antagonist to the depressing effects of increased potassium concentration.  相似文献   

American Folklife and The Grapes of Wrath     

Patrick B. Mullen 《Journal of American culture (Malden, Mass. : 2003)》1978,1(4):742-753

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The nomination of Carol Iannone     

Daniel Patrick Moynihan 《Academic Questions》1992,5(1):57-65

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Implementation planning and progress on physical activity goals: the mediating role of life-management strategies     

Dugas M  Gaudreau P  Carraro N 《Research quarterly for exercise and sport》2012,83(1):77-85

This 4-week prospective study examined whether the use of life-management strategies mediates the relationship between implementation planning and short-term progress on physical activity goals. In particular the strategies of elective selection, compensation, and loss-based selection were disentangled to assess their specific mediating effects. Results from a sample of 131undergraduate students showed that, as a composite, life-management strategies fully mediated the relationship between planning and goal progress. More specifically, decomposing the effects demonstrated that only elective selection and compensation mediated the association between planning and greater progress on a personal physical activity goal. Results are discussed in light of their practical implications and contributions to the personal goal literature.  相似文献   

Freedom of information and its impact in the United Kingdom     

Patrick Birkinshaw 《Government Information Quarterly》2010

The UK Parliament passed the Freedom of Information Act (FOIA) in November 2000 after 3 years of government White Papers, consultation papers, and various Bills. The author served as special adviser to the House of Commons Select Committee on Public Administration which oversaw the Government proposals for legislation and the progress of the Bill into the House of Commons. The FOIA introduced pro-active publication of information via Publication Schemes, which were introduced on a staggered basis across the public sector and on January 1, 2005, rights of individual access were granted to individuals. The Act covers well over 100,000 public authorities in the UK and includes both Houses of Parliament. There is a power to add private bodies to the Act's coverage. The Act covers UK, English, Welsh, and Northern Irish public authorities. Scotland has its own FOIA which was enacted by the Scottish Parliament in 2002. The paper will examine the operation of the UK legislation and the role of the Information Commissioner and the Information Tribunal which deal with complaints of refusal and appeals respectively. The jurisprudence has been voluminous and now the English courts are beginning to hear appeals from the tribunal. The article will examine the major trends of the legislation and the problems presented by the legislation. The Government has already issued vetoes under the Act overriding the Commissioner's decision to grant access to the Cabinet papers relating to the Cabinet discussion on entering into war with Iraq and then on devolution of power to Scotland, Northern Ireland, and Wales. The decisions to open up the files on MPs expenses have caused one of the major constitutional crises in the UK in the last 75 years. As well as examining the way the Act has been interpreted, the author will essay some preliminary analyses of the impact of the Act on the realization of government objectives in passing the Act. The FOIA does sit alongside other legislation allowing access to personal files and access to environmental information and the whole information debate is set in the context of heightened sensitivity and secrecy in time of the war on terror and the state's increasing capacity to demand, store, and share information. The UK experience of the information debate will be examined.  相似文献   

Developments in special education in Ireland: deep structures and policy making     

Patrick McDonnell 《International Journal of Inclusive Education》2013,17(3):259-269

Clinical discourses from the domains of medicine and psychology exert a powerful influence on theory and practice in special education. These discourses first define disability as ‘an individual human condition’ and locate ‘the problem’ in the physiological and psychological characteristics of the individual. Second, they privilege the role of experts and exclude the perspectives of disabled people themselves. In spite of considerable criticism, psycho-medical definitions of and responses to disability have been incorporated into educational legislation in Ireland and continue to dominate policy development in special education. The real danger of failing to address these deep structures in special education is that exclusion and marginalization will be reproduced even in well-intentioned and well-supported programmes.  相似文献   

Women,Research Performance and Work Context     

Maryanne Dever  Zoë Morrison 《Tertiary Education and Management》2013,19(1):49-62

This article presents findings from a qualitative study focused on the conditions that support high research productivity in women. Interviewees were all active researchers and many were national or international leaders in their respective fields. While personal factors such as motivation, focus, and good scholarly habits were identified as influencing their research success, interviewees also placed significant emphasis on aspects of their workplace culture and practice (teaching and research connections, degrees of flexibility, work–family interface) that they felt were equally important in determining their options and opportunities for conducting research. This suggests that universities concerned with enhancing the research performance of staff need to recognize—and respond to—how workplace dynamics and culture shape individual research participation.  相似文献   

Inclusion of pupils with intellectual disabilities: primary school teachers' attitudes and willingness in a rural area in Uganda     

Patrick Ojok 《International Journal of Inclusive Education》2013,17(9):1003-1021

Teachers in regular schools have a responsibility to accommodate the needs and interests of all learners. The attitudes and willingness of teachers to include learners with intellectual disabilities in their classes in regular schools in a district with a semi-nomadic pastoral population in north-eastern Uganda was investigated. A survey of 125 school teachers was conducted, using an attitude scale and a willingness sub-scale. The results showed slightly more positive than negative attitudes, and more willingness than unwillingness to teach learners with intellectual disabilities. Attendance of workshops and seminars had a positive impact on teacher attitudes and willingness towards inclusive education. The findings are discussed with reference to historical–cultural characteristics of the district, as well as pupil and teacher characteristics.  相似文献   

A Memoir of Co‐Mentoring: The “We” that is “Me”     

C.T. Patrick Diamond 《Mentoring & Tutoring: Partnership in Learning》2013,21(2):199-209

The author’s academic journey in learning to mentor and be co‐mentored involved three rites of passage. In this reflective essay (invited paper), the author acknowledges his most influential co‐mentors—former dissertation supervisees and long since colleagues—who helped form the “we” that is him. The first phase coincided with a constraining time in research and supervision. The author co‐published only a few journal articles and mainly with one mentee. During his second stage in Toronto, Canada, he experienced an exponential increase in co‐publication. This was a natural extension of mutually beneficial working relationships and successful doctoral defenses. Like a trusted friend, a mentor can guide his or her charges as they set out to discover and realize the potential within. The responsive form of learning in partnership enacted a version of collective action among equals. The author became a collaborative arts‐based‐educational researcher‐mentor: a hyphenated collection of selves. Since having returned to Australia, he co‐mentors early career academics seeking to publish and use writing as and for their professional development.  相似文献   

Classroom walkthroughs to improve teaching and learning     

Patrick Westcott 《Mentoring & Tutoring: Partnership in Learning》2013,21(4):453-458

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