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11.
This study reports relationships between general academic self-concept and achievement in grade 3 and grade 5. Gender-specific effects were investigated using a longitudinal, two-cycle, 3-year autoregressive cross-lagged panel design in a large, representative sample of Polish primary school pupils (N?=?4226). Analysis revealed (a) reciprocal relations between general academic self-concept and achievement over time but the influence of prior achievement on self-concept was stronger; (b) on average, levels of both constructs declined over time; (c) gender differences were not observed in longitudinal relations (i.e. cross-lagged, autoregressive and intra-wave correlations); (d) girls demonstrated higher mean levels of academic achievement at both grades; and (e) average level of general academic self-concept was not gender differentiated in grade 3 but decreased more for girls. These results are discussed in the light of the theoretical and practical implications.  相似文献   
12.
Education and Information Technologies - The purpose of the article is to describe the trainings implemented as part of the project “E-Active Residents of the Kuyavian-Pomeranian and...  相似文献   
13.
Historical buildings and castles that have been turned nowadays into museums, as an exhibition area for precious cultural heritage (CH) items, need more attention since they are CH objects by themselves. Moreover, the preservation techniques require often, significant interventions; however such changes are not always possible or are very limited. The aim of the present study was to investigate the influence of outdoor air pollution on the composition of particulate matter and gases inside the museum of Wawel Castle in Cracow, Poland. During this study a combination of micro and trace analysis techniques were applied, including energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence (EDXRF) and electron probe microanalysis (EPMA). An intensive transport of air pollutants coupled with accumulation of the particles inside the museum was noticed (considerably higher in winter than summer). A high content of carbon and organic matter agglomerated with inorganic particles was determined. Those particles are of special concern because of their adhesive properties and reactivity. It was also noted that the conditions inside the museum favour the reaction of the particles with gaseous pollutants. It was especially the case for nitrate particles.  相似文献   
14.
The article describes the growth of research on various topics and ideas in a relatively new field — comparative physical education and sport — since the end of World War II. The field is closely related to comparative education. This is also true as regards its history, definition, aims, etc., and its methodology. Physical educators on the one hand have therefore borrowed methods from comparative educators, and on the other hand have tried to work out their own approaches. Examples of the latter are mentioned. A brief review of the literature is included.
Zusammenfassung Der Artikel beschreibt die seit dem Ende des Zweiten Weltkrieges zunehmende Forschung im Hinblick auf verschiedene Themen und Vorstellungen auf einem relativ neuen Gebiet, der vergleichenden Leibes- und Sporterziehung. Das Gebiet ist mit der vergleichenden Erziehungswissenschaft eng verknüpft. Das gilt ebenso für seine Geschichte, Definition, Ziele usw. und für seine Methodik. Sporterzieher haben sich daher einerseits Methoden vergleichender Erziehungswissenschaftler bedient, andererseits haben sie versucht, eigene Ansätze herauszuarbeiten. Für letzteres werden Beispiele angegeben sowie eine kurze Besprechung der Literatur.

Résumé Cet article décrit le développement de la recherche sur divers thèmes et idées dans un domaine relativement nouveau — celui de l'éducation physique et du sport comparés — depuis la Seconde guerre mondiale. Ce domaine est étroitement lié à celui de la pédagogie comparée. C'est également vrai en ce qui concerne son histoire, sa définition, ses objectifs, etc. et sa méthodologie. Les practiciens d'éducation physique ont donc d'une part emprunté les méthodes des maîtres partisans de la pédagogie comparée et essayé d'élaborer leurs propres approches d'autre part. Quelques-unes de ces approches sont mentionnées. Une brève liste de la littérature sur ce thème est incluse.
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15.
The overall aim of this study is to review problems relating to the acculturation of Ukrainian students during their initial period of study abroad in Poland. More importantly, our objective was to recognize the fears and difficulties these students experience and examine the strategies of coping with major stressors. Based on group interviews we identified four themes, which mainly related to the language barrier, social isolation, discrimination, and financial issues. Our results show that the main acculturation strategy among the students in our sample was integration rather than assimilation, marginalization, or separation. Our respondents actively sought contacts with the locals, for example, by giving up their living quarters in the socially isolated and remote university campus and renting shared accommodation in the city, which made it possible for them to maintain closer links with their Ukrainian friends and to receive social support while also staying open to establishing relationships with Poles and having more opportunities to improve their Polish. At the same time, these students maintained their contacts with family and friends abroad through the Internet. This study also suggests the ways for higher education institutions to improve the services rendered to international students and to support their integration into a new community.  相似文献   
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