Forty Years of Research into the History of Education in Denmark     

Vagn Skovgaard‐Petersen 《Scandinavian Journal of Educational Research》2013,57(3-4):319-331

Although the history of formal education in the Nordic countries has relatively long roots, its broader and more systematic study started early in our century then gained momentum during the second half. But the formal educational systems in the Nordic countries vary to a high degree due to geographical, political and economical circumstances, and so do their histories. The three articles in this section survey studies of the history of education in Denmark, Finland and Norway, particularly during the last four decades and they tell rather different stories. The Danish contribution shows how studies have been motivated by higher educational needs for readings about the history of education and by researchers' curiosity to detect causes of occurrences and developments as well as their consequences. The second article outlines the Finnish development by means of a chronological (1940‐1960, 1960‐1980, 1980‐1990) and thematic division. Finland was influenced in this research area by Germany, but this influence lay dormant after the Second World War until the 1970s. Naturally the study of the Finnish history of education has a particular interest because of this nation's turbulent historical past and special current geographical and political position. The Norwegian article starts with a pessimistic confession that Norwegian historical pedagogy today seems to be on the defensive and marginalized, but it finds comfort in the fact that a new generation of researchers have entered the scene. The contrast between the older and the new generation in their views about research topics, trends and thematic orientations is then followed and documented throughout the article. Thus the firm documentation shows that there is a trend within the new generation to study recent history at the sacrifice of the ancient, to prefer the study of history from below instead of history from above, to choose more enthusiastically the study of social powers and structures instead of the history of ideas and persons, and to focus on the study of foreign pedagogic in order to establish a kind of standard to measure Norwegian developmental excellence against, instead of focusing on the study of foreign pedagogic per se. The article ends with viewpoints on the role that theoretical scientific reflections could play in educational history research, and it presents the contemporary scene with it's problems and promises.  相似文献   

Effects of Perceptually Rich Manipulatives on Preschoolers' Counting Performance: Established Knowledge Counts     

Lori A. Petersen  Nicole M. McNeil 《Child development》2013,84(3):1020-1033

Educators often use concrete objects to help children understand mathematics concepts. However, findings on the effectiveness of concrete objects are mixed. The present study examined how two factors—perceptual richness and established knowledge of the objects—combine to influence children's counting performance. In two experiments, preschoolers (N = 133; M_age = 3;10) were randomly assigned to counting tasks that used one of four types of objects in a 2 (perceptual richness: high or low) × 2 (established knowledge: high or low) factorial design. Findings suggest that perceptually rich objects facilitate children's performance when children have low knowledge of the objects but hinder performance when children have high knowledge of the objects.  相似文献   

MUSICAL PREFERENCES OF OLDER PEOPLE ATTENDING NUTRITION SITES     

Wanda B. Lathom  Marian Petersen  Larry Havlicek 《Educational gerontology》2013,39(2):155-165

The purpose of this study was to determine the possible relationship between a subject's musical style preference and other variables: religious preference, age, sex, marital status, health, education, previous musical experience, and residence category. One hundred four persons aged 55 and older were seen at area nutrition centers. A questionnaire and musical preference test were administered to each subject. The latter consisted of 28 pairs of musical excerpts. Eight styles of music were included, distributed equally between vocal and instrumental examples. Each style was paired with every other style. Respondents were asked to state a preference for one of the two excerpts of each pair. Educational level and past musical experience most influenced choice of style, although there was some relationship between musical preferences and the majority of the other variables under consideration.  相似文献   

Gender differences in identification of gifted youth and in gifted program participation: A meta-analysis     

Jennifer Petersen 《Contemporary educational psychology》2013

Although numerous studies have researched gender differences in gifted identification and program participation, the results of these studies are largely mixed. The goal of the present study was to synthesize data on gender differences in gifted identification and programming by combining data from multiple studies into a single meta-analysis. The combined results from 130 studies published between 1975 and 2011 indicated that boys were 1.19 times more likely than girls to be identified as gifted and included in gifted programs. Moderator analyses indicated that gender differences were particularly evident among pre-adolescents, within gifted summer programs, and for students who were identified as gifted using IQ scores and standardized tests. Recommendations for reducing gender bias include encouraging pre-adolescent girls to participate in gifted programs and using multiple assessment criteria to identify gifted students.  相似文献   

High school students’ implicit theories of what facilitates science learning     

Eileen Carlton Parsons  Rhea Miles  Michael Petersen 《Research in Science & Technological Education》2013,31(3):257-274

Background: Research has primarily concentrated on adults’ implicit theories about high quality science education for all students. Little work has considered the students’ perspective. This study investigated high school students’ implicit theories about what helped them learn science.

Purpose: This study addressed (1) What characterizes high school students’ implicit theories of what facilitates their learning of science?; (2) With respect to students’ self-classifications as African American or European American and female or male, do differences exist in the students’ implicit theories?

Sample, design and methods: Students in an urban high school located in south-eastern United States were surveyed in 2006 about their thoughts on what helps them learn science. To confirm or disconfirm any differences, data from two different samples were analyzed. Responses of 112 African American and 118 European American students and responses from 297 European American students comprised the data for sample one and two, respectively.

Results: Seven categories emerged from the deductive and inductive analyses of data: personal responsibility, learning arrangements, interest and knowledge, communication, student mastery, environmental responsiveness, and instructional strategies. Instructional strategies captured 82% and 80% of the data from sample one and two, respectively; consequently, this category was further subjected to Mann-Whitney statistical analysis at p < .05 to ascertain ethnic differences. Significant differences did not exist for ethnicity but differences between females and males in sample one and sample two emerged.

Conclusions: African American and European American students’ implicit theories about instructional strategies that facilitated their science learning did not significantly differ but female and male students’ implicit theories about instructional strategies that helped them learn science significantly differed. Because students attend and respond to what they think and perceive to be important, addressing students’ implicit theories may be one way to enhance science education reform.  相似文献   

“Ain't nobody gonna get me down”: An Examination of the Educational Experiences of Four African American Women Labeled With Disabilities     

Amy J. Petersen 《Equity & Excellence in Education》2013,46(4):428-442

This study used qualitative research methods to explore the educational experiences of four African American women with disabilities, revealing how each participant developed a critical consciousness in response to the dominant ideology surrounding the discourses of African American, woman, and disabled. The development of a critical consciousness led participants to counter the oppressive nature of their educational experiences by engaging in acts of resistance. Recommendations are made with regard to how K-18 educators might support and capitalize upon students' critical consciousness to facilitate equitable classroom communities.  相似文献   

Communication and emergent group leadership: Does content count?     

Charles Pavitt  Gail G. Whitchurch  Heather Siple  Nancy Petersen 《Communication Research Reports》2013,30(4):470-480

Past research has been clear that talk time during discussion is directly associated with emergent group leadership, but has been inconsistent concerning whether communication content has an effect. The present study directly examines whether content has any impact on perceptions of leadership above the impact of quantity of talk. It utilizes a re‐analysis of data previously described in Pavitt, Whitchurch, McClurg, & Petersen (1995), consisting of a content analysis of discussion by zero‐history groups performing an ad‐hoc task and standing groups performing a task with real consequences to the members. Results suggest that content may count for the standing groups but not for the zero‐history. The implication, that content counts when groups perform “real”; tasks but not ad‐hoc exercises, may disambiguate the earlier ambiguous findings.  相似文献   

Looking (and listening) outside classrooms: implications for pre‐service teacher education in the United States of America     

Wesley O. Petersen 《Journal of educational administration and history》2001,33(1):58-69

It has come to the attention of the Editor that the article ‘Problematic nature of school purposes: implications for pre‐service teacher training programmes’ in volume 29, issue 2, in 1997 inadvertently contained substantial unacknowledged material belonging to Dr Petersen. The Editor would like to apologise for any inconvenience caused to Dr Petersen. The article published below is based upon Dr Petersen's paper originally submitted by him at the 74th Annual Meeting of the Association of Teacher Educators, Atlanta, Georgia, in February 1994.  相似文献   

Inland Water Quality Assessment - A Joint European Masters Programme     

K.-O. Waara  A. Petersen  T. Lanaras  V. Paulauskas  S. Kleiven  G. Crosa  O.-P. Penttinen  A. Quesada  N. Kovats  S. Galinou-Mitsoudi  M. Lapinska  A. Newton  M. Balode  F. Hindak  B. Marsalek 《Journal of Science Education and Technology》2006,15(5-6):409-415

At present, there is a European shortage of personnel qualified to adequately address the comprehensive scientific and regulatory requirements of the Water Framework Directive (WFD). The joint Masters programme described in this paper will provide students with the requisite expert knowledge and skills to progress the implementation of the WFD. Its development was financially supported by the European Commission because of its specific goal of producing qualified personnel in relation to the implementation of the WFD. Since its proposed structure acknowledges the educational intent of the Bologna Accord, it thereby provides a useful template for structuring a Masters degree-level programme in accordance with Bologna principles.  相似文献   

Length effects in pseudo-word spelling: stronger in dyslexic than in non-dyslexic students     

Holger Juul  Dorthe Klint Petersen 《Annals of dyslexia》2017,67(3):369-382

It is often discussed whether dyslexics show a deviant pattern of reading and spelling development when compared to typically developing students, or whether they follow the same pattern as other students, only at markedly slower rate. The present cross-sectional study investigated phonological encoding skills in dyslexic Danish students. We compared dyslexic and non-dyslexic students from grades 3, 5, 7, and 9 and examined whether effects of item length were stronger in the dyslexic groups. Mixed between-within subjects analyses of variance revealed significant interactions between dyslexia status and item length as the dyslexics at all grade levels were more affected by item length than their non-dyslexic peers. A marked developmental delay was apparent as the dyslexic group from grade 9 performed on approximately the same level as the non-dyslexic group from grade 3. Although the overall difference between these two groups was not significant, a significant interaction between dyslexia status and item length remained because the grade 9 dyslexics were more affected by item length than the younger non-dyslexic students. This difference in error profiles suggests a difference in the developmental patterns of dyslexic vs. non-dyslexic students.  相似文献