Compétences,habitus et savoirs professionnels     

Philippe Perrenoud 《欧洲师范教育杂志》1994,17(1-2):45-48

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Public Sector Research: A Growing Role in Innovation Systems   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

Larédo  Philippe  Mustar  Philippe 《Minerva》2004,42(1):11-27

This essay highlights three converging trendsexperienced by `public sector research' duringthe past decade. Looking especially at France,our discussion draws attention to the new rolesof universities, the blurring of relationshipsbetween types of research institutions andresearch activities, and the development of`research collectives' as an organizationalfeature now emerging throughout Europe.  相似文献   

Instructional Goals: determination and specification     

Philippe Duchastel  Michael Steve 《British journal of educational technology : journal of the Council for Educational Technology》1983,14(2):137-142

This paper develops the argument that the form in which instructional goals are specified should depend on the nature of the knowledge underlying the particular instruction being developed. It examines the two central issues of goal determination (how goals are derived) and goal specification (how they should be represented) in order to counter the assumption that one type of goal formulation (be it via behavioural objectives, work models, or cognitive objectives) is optimal for instruction.  相似文献   

Autopsy-Based Learning is Essential But Underutilized in Medical Education: A Questionnaire Study     

Lasse Pakanen  Julius Tikka  Paula Kuvaja  Philippe Lunetta 《Anatomical sciences education》2022,15(2):341-351

To this day, autopsies and dissections have been essential in medical education, but declining autopsy numbers have endangered this long-standing tradition. Students' perceptions of these teaching methods should be constantly updated to help educators understand how to achieve their teaching goals. The purpose of this study was to explore the state of autopsy- and dissection-based teaching in two Finnish universities based on the experiences of the students, survey their perceptions of such teaching, and to compare the Finnish situation with students' perceptions in other countries as it emerges from medical literature. A questionnaire went to 859 second-, fourth-, and sixth-year medical students. The questions concerned dissection and autopsy classes these students had attended, the views of the students in regard to the number of classes, and the benefits of and attitudes towards autopsy teaching. An open question of how to improve autopsy teaching was included. The response rate was 19.4%. Most respondents requested more autopsy and dissection classes, especially practical education. They found autopsies most beneficial in learning anatomy and dealing with one's own emotions related to death. Their experiences proved least beneficial for interaction with the relatives of a deceased patient and for people skills. Integrational methods and focusing on the main learning outcomes were suggested as improvements. Overall, students found dissection and autopsy teaching important, but felt concerned about the diminishing autopsy numbers. Focusing on main learning objectives and better integration of autopsies in the teaching of different specialties could help to utilize autopsies to a greater extent.  相似文献   

Analysis of a multifaceted interactive pedagogy program in an upper limb anatomy course: A time series study     

Alexandre Bellier  Noémie Kaladzé  Pierre-Yves Rabattu  Philippe C. Chaffanjon  Guillaume Cavalié 《Anatomical sciences education》2023,16(1):116-127

Many new methods have contributed to the learning of anatomy, including several interactive methods, increasing the effectiveness of educational programs. The effectiveness of an educational program involving several interactive learning methods such as problem-based learning and reciprocal peer teaching was researched in this study. A quasi-experimental before–after study on three consecutive groups of second-year students at the Grenoble School of Medicine was conducted. The lectures were replaced by an educational program based on the problem-based learning method and reciprocal peer teaching. The first session was dedicated to reading clinical cases illustrating the medical concept, so that the learning objectives for the second session could be set. Then, after viewing digital courses, the second session was dedicated to a synthetic presentation by the students themselves, followed by an interactive summary with the teacher. The analysis of 630 students showed a significant increase in the theory test results for those who took part in the intervention: 9.71 versus 9.19 (β = 0.57, P = 0.036). Moreover, satisfaction was high after the intervention (mean = 4.5/5), and when comparing the two pedagogical approaches the students showed a clear preference for the program implemented with the concepts highlighted such as interactivity, in-depth work, group work, and autonomy. A multifaceted interactive pedagogy program could have a significant impact on the results of the theoretical concepts presented and on satisfaction as well as increased investment by students in learning anatomy.  相似文献   

Research on illustrations in text: Issues and perspectives     

Philippe C. Duchastel 《Educational technology research and development : ETR & D》1980,28(4):283-287

So many studies have failed to show significant effects for illustrations in texts and teaching materials that, the author remarks, if the research is taken at face value, it is not difficult to begin believing that illustrations really are not very important in assisting learning. However, he concludes, their value has been confirmed by a sufficient number of studies to support intuitive beliefs and researchers now must move on, using new frameworks to study the reasons illustrations can aid learning.  相似文献   

Neighborhood poverty and early transition to sexual activity in young adolescents: a developmental ecological approach     

Dupéré V  Lacourse E  Willms JD  Leventhal T  Tremblay RE 《Child development》2008,79(5):1463-1476

This study examined how the link between neighborhood poverty and the timing of sexual initiation varies as a function of age, gender, and background characteristics. A sample of N = 2,596 predominately White Canadian adolescents from the National Longitudinal Survey of Children and Youth was used. Sexual initiations occurring between 12 and 15 years old were considered. Results showed that younger adolescent females who lived in poor neighborhoods and who had a history of conduct problems were more likely to report early sexual activity. Peer characteristics partly accounted for this susceptibility. Among adolescent males, no direct neighborhood effects were found, but those who had combined risks at multiple levels appeared more vulnerable. The theoretical and practical implications of these findings are discussed.  相似文献   

Obstetrical complications and violent delinquency: testing two developmental pathways     

Arseneault L  Tremblay RE  Boulerice B  Saucier JF 《Child development》2002,73(2):496-508

This study focused on the interaction between specific obstetrical complications and early family adversity in predicting violent behavior during childhood and adolescence, in a sample of 849 boys from low socioeconomic areas of Montreal, Canada. Obstetrical complication data from medical records were used to create three scales using a nonlinear principal component analysis followed by rotation. Family adversity and teacher-rated physical aggression were assessed when the boys were in kindergarten and self-reports of delinquency were collected when they were 17. Elevated scores on the Deadly Risk Situation scale of obstetrical complications (preeclampsia, umbilical cord prolapse, and induced labor) increased the risk of being violent at both 6 and 17 years of age, only among boys who grew up in high adverse familial environments. Moreover, this interaction partly accounted for the continuity between violence in childhood and adolescence. Interventions for young pregnant women from deprived environments and their babies are discussed in light of these results.  相似文献   

Addition and multiplication: Problem-solving and interpretation of relevant data     

G. Lemoyne  C. Tremblay 《Educational Studies in Mathematics》1986,17(2):97-123

This study constitutes a first step towards the elaboration of a method for intervening in the processes of solving concrete mathematical problems, based on the processing of expressions often included in the statement of addition and multiplication problems presented to second-cycle elementary students (ages 9 to 12). Forty-eight students took part in the experiment: the 29 subjects of the experimental group were divided into small groups of about 5 subjects in each and had to perform various learning exercises. The aim of these exercises was essentially to improve skills in analyzing and processing certain expressions frequently included in the statements of addition and multiplication problems. The effect of these learning exercises on problem-solving was evaluated by a problem-solving pre-test and post-test presented to the subjects in both groups. The learning exercises helped significantly to improve the problem-solving performance of subjects in the experimental group. Analysis of the verbal productions of the subjects in this group during the learning exercises revealed certain factors related to the effectiveness of the method of intervention proposed in this research.  相似文献   

“Compulsory Schooling” Despite the Law: How Education Policy Underpins the Widespread Ignorance of the Right to Home Educate in France     

Philippe Bongrand 《Journal of School Choice》2016,10(3):320-329

ABSTRACT

Everyone in France takes for granted the existence of compulsory school attendance (“école obligatoire”) while home education remains very exceptional. Yet school attendance is not, and has never been, legally compulsory in France. How can one explain the fact that the right to home educate is little known and practiced? This article researches how public policies may foster this widespread ignorance. Drawing mainly on archival records of French Parliament debates about compulsory instruction in 1882, 1936, and 1998, it depicts various ways for lawmakers to contribute to this ignorance.  相似文献