Cross-language activation of phonology in young bilingual readers     

Debra Jared  Pierre Cormier  Betty Ann Levy  Lesly Wade-Woolley 《Reading and writing》2012,25(6):1327-1343

We investigated whether children who were learning to read simultaneously in English and French activate phonological representations from only the language in which they are reading or from both of their languages. Children in French Immersion programs in Grade 3 were asked to name aloud cognates, interlingual homographs, interlingual homophones, and matched control words. Half of the participants performed the task in English, their first oral language, and half performed the task in French. Control monolingual children in each language were also tested. In the French reading task, fewer errors were observed for cognates and interlingual homophones than for matched control words, whereas more errors were produced for interlingual homographs than matched controls. Only the inhibitory interlingual homograph effect was observed in the English reading task. These data provide evidence that phonological activation in bilinguals is not language selective. The locus of each of these effects in the bilingual word recognition system is discussed.  相似文献   

Visual speech in the head: the effect of cued-speech on rhyming, remembering, and spelling     

Leybaert J  Charlier B 《Journal of deaf studies and deaf education》1996,1(4):234-248

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Biological activity and toxicity of the Chinese herb <Emphasis Type="Italic">Magnolia officinalis</Emphasis> Rehder &amp; E. Wilson (Houpo) and its constituents     

Mélanie Poivre  Pierre Duez 《Journal of Zhejiang University. Science. B》2017,18(3):194-214

Traditional Chinese herbal drugs have been used for thousands of years in Chinese pharmacopoeia. The bark of Magnolia officinalis Rehder & E. Wilson, known under the pinyin name “Houpo”, has been traditionally used in Chinese and Japanese medicines for the treatment of anxiety, asthma, depression, gastrointestinal disorders, headache, and more. Moreover, Magnolia bark extract is a major constituent of currently marketed dietary supplements and cosmetic products. Much pharmacological activity has been reported for this herb and its major compounds, notably antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antibiotic and antispasmodic effects. However, the mechanisms underlying this have not been elucidated and only a very few clinical trials have been published. In vitro and in vivo toxicity studies have also been published and indicate some intriguing features. The present review aims to summarize the literature on M. officinalis bark composition, utilisation, pharmacology, and safety.  相似文献   

Mechanical determinants of acceleration and maximal sprinting speed in highly trained young soccer players     

Martin Buchheit  Pierre Samozino  Jonathan Alexander Glynn  Ben Simpson Michael  Hani Al Haddad  Alberto Mendez-Villanueva 《Journal of sports sciences》2014,32(20):1906-1913

Abstract

The aim of the present study was to examine, in highly trained young soccer players, the mechanical horizontal determinants of acceleration (Acc) and maximal sprinting speed (MSS). Eighty-six players (14.1 ± 2.4 year) performed a 40-m sprint to assess Acc and MSS. Speed was measured with a 100-Hz radar, and theoretical maximal velocity (V₀), horizontal force (F₀) and horizontal power (P_max) were calculated. Within each age group, players were classified as high Acc/fast MSS (>2% faster than group mean), medium (between ?2% and +2%), and low/slow (>2% slower). Acc and MSS were very largely correlated (?0.79; 90% confidence limit [?0.85; ?0.71]). The determinants (multiple regression r² = 0.84 [0.78; 0.89]) of Acc were V₀ (partial r: 0.80 [0.72; 0.86]) and F₀ (0.57 [0.44; 0.68]); those of MSS (r² = 0.96 [0.94; 0.97]) were V₀ (0.96 [0.94; 0.97]) and P_max (0.73 [0.63; ?0.80]). High/Med have likely greater F₀ (Cohen’s d: +0.8 [0.0; 1.5]), V₀ (+0.6 [?0.1; 1.3]) and P_max (+0.9 [0.2; 1.7]) than Low/Med. High/Fast have an almost certainly faster V₀ (+2.1 [1.5; 2.7]) and a likely greater P_max (+0.6 [?0.1; 1.3]) than High/Med, with no clear differences in F₀ (?0.0 [?0.7; 0.6]). Speed may be a generic quality, but the mechanical horizontal determinants of Acc and MSS differ. While maximal speed training may improve both Acc and MSS, improving horizontal force production capability may be efficient to enhance sprinting performance over short distances.  相似文献   

The Future of Book Publishing: Seven Technology Trends and Three Industry Goals     

Pierre Danet 《Publishing Research Quarterly》2014,30(3):275-281

The Publishing Industry, as many other ones, is facing all the risks and opportunities linked to a digital transformation. This text provides new dimensions for analyzing seven technological trends and their potential impacts on the book publishing industry. The key consideration is that book publishing is totally dependent on Open Web Platform future. In such an agile environment, the publishing industry should focus on three key objectives in order to keep or even extend its influence on the internet world.  相似文献   

Educational research     

Soledad Pérez  Pierre R. Dasen 《Prospects》1999,29(3):326-334

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Fictitious social position of competence, and performance in a foreign-language interaction situation: An experimental approach     

Patrick Chambres  Pierre -Jean Marescaux 《European Journal of Psychology of Education - EJPE》1998,13(3):411-430

A substantial body of research has shown that in experiments where subjects are required to accomplish an intellectual task, their cognitive performance is influenced by the social aspects of the situation. The goal of this study was to determine how a fictitious social position of inferiority or superiority affects cognitive activity. Two studies in which subjects interacted with a partner are reported. In the first, the subject’s position in comparison to his/her partner stemmed from a fictitious level of competence assigned on a single comparative dimension (foreign-language proficiency). In the second, another comparative dimension whose social status was either high (geometry) or low (art) was added. The results showed that in a communicative interaction, what subjects are told about themselves and about their partner along one or two comparative dimensions is a determinant of the quantity and quality of what they produce. Theoretical explanations are proposed. One of them is based on classical studies on the working self-concept. A general point that emerges from these studies is that cognitive performance should be investigated not only in a cognitive and didactic perspective, but also from a sociocognitive standpoint.  相似文献   

A metaphor dismantled     

Savaton  Pierre 《Metascience》2022,31(1):73-75

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