Spelling Dutch Doublets: Children's Learning of a Phonological and Morphological Spelling Rule     

Annelise Notenboom  Pieter Reitsma 《Scientific Studies of Reading》2013,17(2):133-150

This study addresses the question of why spellings determined by morphology are relatively hard to acquire by presenting a latent class model of children's acquisition of a doublet of consonants in the spelling of Dutch verbs. This spelling pattern can be determined either by a phonological rule (after a short vowel, a doublet is spelled) or a morphological rule (doublets are spelled in past-tense forms). The results show that the youngest group of spellers identified by latent class analysis predominantly used an alphabetic strategy. They did not spell doublets at all. The latent class model further shows that the acquisition of phonologically determined spellings occurred at a lower average age than the acquisition of morphologically determined spellings. The latter led to overgeneralizations, and a U-shaped developmental pattern was found as a consequence of these overgeneralizations. Children over generalized doublets for different reasons. At younger ages, overgeneralizations of doublets occurred because children treated the doublet as a phonological alternative to the singleton, whereas at older ages, overgeneralizations of doublets were confined to homophones, indicating lexical effects.  相似文献   

Amerikanische „Elitehochschulen“     

Gero Lenhardt  Robert D Reisz  PD Dr Manfred Stock 《Zeitschrift für Erziehungswissenschaft》2008,11(4):559-576

The system of higher education in the USA comprises the undergraduate programs of the colleges and the graduate programs in research universities. This distinction has no equivalent in Germany. The idea of elite education is connected exclusively with the colleges. Its meaning and functions are demonstrated with an analysis of the criteria which are used for the ranking of higher education institutions. The ranking of the colleges is addressed to the students and is based on indicators, which give expression above all to the educational priorities of the students and the alumni. The ranking of the graduate programs focuses on specific academic programs and is addressed to the members of the various academic fields and to their prospective students. A few rankings cover whole educational institutions and serve to inform the higher educational management. We use these data to identity the specifics of outstanding research universities and their role in American higher education.  相似文献   

走向历史的诗学研究——乔依斯和鲁迅比较研究之七     

王苹  张亿男  Pieter Bekker 《海南师范大学学报(社会科学版)》2006,19(4):115-119

乔依斯和鲁迅的小说都被传统历史批评家指责为缺乏历史。但按照新历史主义的理论，乔依斯和鲁迅在其文本中凸显了历史规则、历史因素，两人有意识地对传统的大写历史进行倒转和颠覆：揭示官方的历史下掩藏的卡列班主义，为读者提供了边缘化了的历史、“他者”的历史。他们强调历史的心理情感性，保持边缘意识，质询了大写历史。两人都从神话传说、历史故事中大量汲取文学素材、创作方法大胆地进行小说的文体实验。应用新历史主义文学理论去分析两人的文本，读者可以透过历史文化的深层去把握文学的本质。  相似文献   

Information processing by intellectually gifted pupils solving mathematical problems     

Pieter Span  Ruth Overtoom-Corsmit 《Educational Studies in Mathematics》1986,17(3):273-295

What differences may be found in the way gifted pupils, as compared with average pupils from the second form of lower secondary education, process information while solving mathematical problems? Gifted pupils apparently solved the problems better, faster and needed less assistance than average pupils. A global distinction of the subprocesses orientation, execution and evaluation also allows for the conclusion that in most cases the gifted pupils processed information in a different fashion. The yield of this line of research should be the improvement of education in two respects. For one, the results may induce teachers to adapt their teaching to gifted pupils. Secondly they may try to teach average pupils to process information like gifted pupils typically would.  相似文献   

Database Problem Behavior: A Literature Retrieval System for Professionals Dealing with Problem Behaviours of Individuals with Intellectual Disabilities     

Pieter C. Duker  Robert Didden  Hubert Korzilius  Mark Van Acht  Paul Van Acht 《International Journal of Disability, Development & Education》1996,43(3):197-202

Knowledge of the literature among professionals in the area of problem behaviours and developmental disabilities is most likely soon out of date as several hundred useful studies appear each year. A literature database may be a useful tool for clinicians and researchers to conveniently retrieve needed information, preventing them from collecting, reading, processing, and storing all the available material. This report describes a database (i.e., Database Problem Behavior) encompassing information that goes far beyond presenting abstracts only. The third version of the database encompasses 885 empirical studies on the (functional) analysis, and behavioural and pharmacological treatment of problem behaviours (e.g., self‐injurious behaviour, aggressive behaviour, depression) for persons with developmental disabilities.  相似文献   

Map Perspective and the Learning of Text     

Johnson Janet T.  Verdi Michael P.  Kealy William A.  Stock William A.  Haygood Robert C. 《Contemporary educational psychology》1995,20(4)

In two studies, undergraduates learned a map of the city of Rome in either a flat survey map or a one-point perspective format. The perspective map lead to greater feature recall in the first study and to better memory for a related text when features were correctly located in the second study. Both studies suggest that map scanning patterns may differ depending on the learner′s point of view.  相似文献   

Teacher professionalism and student evaluation of teaching: will better teachers receive higher ratings and will better students give higher ratings?     

Pieter Spooren  Dimitri Mortelmans 《Educational studies》2006,32(2):201-214

The use of student evaluations of teaching performance has been an important but controversial tool in the improvement of teaching quality during the past few decades. Although student evaluations of teaching are implemented in many faculties, not everyone is convinced of the desirability and utility of these ratings. In this paper, we present the results of a study with regard to the existence of a higher‐order factor that might influence students' perceptions of teaching and, thus, explain the variance in teacher rating scales. A second question concerns the effect of students' grades on teacher ratings and of other factors influencing this relationship (for instance, students' overall grades).  相似文献   

Effects of independent word practice with segmented and whole-word sound feedback in disabled readers     

Victor H.P. van Daal  Pieter Reitsma 《Journal of Research in Reading》1990,13(2):133-148

Reading-disabled children seem to have considerable difficulties in acquiring phonological recoding skills, which are considered to be very important in becoming a proficient reader. It is hypothesized that speech feedback may support the development of phonological recoding skills. The aim of the present study is to investigate the use of speech feedback during independent word reading and its effects on the remediation of reading skill. Three different conditions for independent practice were employed. For 17 subjects high-quality digitized speech was available on call. When speech feedback was requested either whole-word sound was provided (n = 8) or segmented-word sound was presented (n = 9). A control group (n=14) did not receive speech feedback at all. In a posttest both practised and nonpractised words were presented. Both help call behaviour during practice and changes in reading rate and accuracy from pretest to posttest were analyzed. It was found that speech feedback requests were not dependent on word difficulty. More calls for whole-word sound were made than for segmented-word sound, while latency times for whole-word sound requests were shorter than for segmented-word sound requests. Both forms of speech feedback were equally effective in reading practice words which were initially read incorrectly. However, there was a tendency for the learning effect on nonpractised initially hard-to-read words to be largest when segmented-word sound had been available. It is concluded that, whenever the goal of reading instruction is to memorize particular words, whole-word sound as well as segmented-word sound can be used. However, when more productive skills are aimed at, the most promising way of giving support is to present segmented-word sound, although only a nonsignificant tendency for transfer was found in the present study.  相似文献   

Orthographic analysis of words during fluency training promotes reading of new similar words     

Inez E. Berends  Pieter Reitsma 《Journal of Research in Reading》2007,30(2):129-139

Remediation of a serious lack in reading fluency often takes the form of repeated reading exercises. The present study examines whether transfer of training effects to untrained (neighbour) words can be enhanced by training with an orthographic focus as compared with emphasising semantics. The effect of oral versus silent reading during training is studied as well. Two groups of reading‐disabled children (mean age=7 years, 11 months) were given repeated reading training with limited exposure duration (350 ms) in which 15 target words were repeated 20 times in exercises focused on either orthography (N=26) or semantics (N=25). The children were required to either read the target words aloud or perform the exercises silently, but this requirement appeared to have no effect on the training results. The results show that untrained neighbour words benefited more from training targets with an orthographic focus than from exercises with a semantic emphasis.  相似文献   

Online discussion compensates for suboptimal timing of supportive information presentation in a digitally supported learning environment     

Omid Noroozi  Maria C. Busstra  Martin Mulder  Harm J. A. Biemans  Hilde Tobi  Anouk Geelen  Pieter van’t Veer  Mohammad Chizari 《Educational technology research and development : ETR & D》2012,60(2):193-221

This study used a sequential set-up to investigate the consecutive effects of timing of supportive information presentation (information before vs. information during the learning task clusters) in interactive digital learning materials (IDLMs) and type of collaboration (personal discussion vs. online discussion) in computer-supported collaborative learning (CSCL) on student knowledge construction. Students (N = 87) were first randomly assigned to the two information presentation conditions to work individually on a case-based assignment in IDLM. Students who received information during learning task clusters tended to show better results on knowledge construction than those who received information only before each cluster. The students within the two separate information presentation conditions were then randomly assigned to pairs to discuss the outcomes of their assignments under either the personal discussion or online discussion condition in CSCL. When supportive information had been presented before each learning task cluster, online discussion led to better results than personal discussion. When supportive information had been presented during the learning task clusters, however, the online and personal discussion conditions had no differential effect on knowledge construction. Online discussion in CSCL appeared to compensate for suboptimal timing of presentation of supportive information before the learning task clusters in IDLM.  相似文献