In a series of revolutionary articles written during the last quarter of the nineteenth century, the great German mathematician Georg Cantor removed the age-old mistrust of infinity and created an exceptionally beautiful and useful theory of transfinite numbers. This is an introductory article on this topic. 相似文献
The living system on earth is largely using oxygen for burning metabolic fuel for energy. The toxicity of oxygen is largely due to the formation of free radicals in living systems. Stress is also responsible for the generation of free radicals. The evidence for the involvement of free radicals and oxidative injury in producing metabolic disturbance, maladjustment and many diseases has been accumulating since long. It is largely believed that the root cause of many chronic diseases is stress induced free radicals and resultant oxidative injury. 相似文献
Summary Biotechnology in India has made great progress in the development of infrastructure, manpower, research and development and
manufacturing of biological reagents, biodiagnostics, biotherapeutics, therapeutic and, prophylactic vaccines and biodevices.
Many of these indigenous biological reagents, biodiagnostics, therapeutic and prophylactic vaccines and biodevices have been
commercialized. Commercially when biotechnology revenue has reached $25 billions in the U.S. alone in 2000 excluding the revenues
of biotech companies that were acquired by pharmaceutical companies, India has yet to register a measurable success. The conservative
nature and craze of the Indian Industry for marketing imported biotechnology products, lack of Government support, almost
non-existing national healthcare system and lack of trained managers for marketing biological and new products seem to be
the important factors responsible for poor economic development of biotechnology in India. With the liberalization of Indian
economy, more and more imported biotechnology products will enter into the Indian market. The conditions of internal development
of biotechnology are not likely to improve in the near future and it is destined to grow only very slowly. Even today biotechnology
in India may be called to be in its infancy. 相似文献
This article is a response to María del Mar Aragón, José Antonio Acevedo-Díaz and Antonio García-Carmona’s article, which investigated pre-service teachers’ understandings of epistemic and non-epistemic aspects of the nature of science (NOS) based on the historical case study of Ignaz Semmelweis and childbed fever. We situate the study in contemporary mainstream debates on teaching NOS and argue that science educators ought to focus on conveying specific aspects of NOS in-depth, instead of covering a general check list of NOS tenets in their classrooms. Furthermore, we argue that there are multiple ways of narrating the story of science, the protagonist of science classrooms, and that educators should also be conscious of the metanarratives regarding science that get conveyed in their narratives.
Matrix metalloproteinase [MMP]-2 and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase [TIMP]-2 are emerging as pivotal players in inflammation and carcinogenesis. The present study aimed to evaluate the role of MMP-2 (−735C > T) [rs 2285053] and TIMP-2 (−418G > C) [rs 8179090] gene polymorphisms in cervical cancer susceptibility in Indian women. We recruited 200 cervical cancer patients from North India and 200 unrelated, age-matched, cancer-free healthy female controls of similar ethnicity. Genomic DNA extraction from peripheral blood samples, collected from the study subjects, was carried out using salting-out method. MMP-2 and TIMP-2 genotyping was performed using polymerase chain reaction-based restriction fragment length polymorphism. Our findings demonstrated no significant association between MMP-2 (−735C > T) and TIMP-2 (−418G > C) gene polymorphisms and the risk of developing cervical cancer in the study population. Further stratified analysis using a case-only study approach revealed that there was no effect of MMP-2/TIMP-2 polymorphisms on early and advanced stages of cervical cancer. Further MMP-2 and TIMP-2 polymorphisms did not modulate the risk in cervical cancer patients who smoked tobacco/cigarettes. Overall, the present study demonstrated a lack of association between MMP-2 and TIMP-2 gene polymorphisms and cervical cancer susceptibility in women of Northern India. 相似文献
Obesity is risk factor for insulin resistance, diabetes, and other chronic diseases. Adiponectin, an adipose-specific protein with antiatherogenic and antiinflammatory effects, were found to be associated with obesity, type 2 diabetes, and insulin resistance. Our aim to identify possible relationships between circulating adiponectin and obesity as well as obesity related phenotypes. A total of 642, obese and non-obese individuals were included in this cross-sectional study. Hormone and glucose levels were estimated using standard protocols. The adiponectin levels showed a significant decrease with increasing quartiles of insulin resistance index. Subjects in lowest quartile of adiponectin level had a significantly higher risk than those in the highest quartile, with higher body mass index, waist circumference, blood pressure, percentage body fat, fat mass, fasting insulin, insulin resistance index, total cholesterol (p < 0.001), low density lipoprotein–cholesterol (p = 0.001), very low density lipoprotein–cholesterol (p = 0.002), and Triglyceride (p = 0.002). The present study indicates that adiponectin is significantly associated with obesity, insulin resistance and other obesity related phenotypes. 相似文献