Child maltreatment among school children in the Kurdistan Province, Iran   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

Sheikhattari P  Stephenson R  Assasi N  Eftekhar H  Zamani Q  Maleki B  Kiabayan H 《Child abuse & neglect》2006,30(3):231-245

OBJECTIVE: This study examines the determinants of three types of child maltreatment: physical maltreatment, mental maltreatment, and child neglect among school children in the Kurdistan Province of Iran. The analysis examines the impact of socioeconomic, familial, demographic, and household dynamic factors on the three child maltreatment outcomes, and compares the differential impact of these factors across the three types of child maltreatment. A greater understanding of the factors associated with child maltreatment has the potential to inform public health interventions aimed at reducing specific forms of maltreatment and at identifying at risk populations. METHODS: Data were collected from 1,370 school students, age 11-18. Separate logistic models are fitted for six binary outcomes examining self-reported experiences of physical maltreatment in the home or school, mental maltreatment in the home or school, and child neglect in the home or school. RESULTS: Male children were more likely to report experiencing any kind of child maltreatment than girls. Residency in a rural area, poor parental relationships and the use of addictive substances by household members were associated with increased odds of reporting child maltreatment. Poor school performance was associated with the reporting of experiencing maltreatment at school. CONCLUSION: Each of the forms of child maltreatment is highly correlated with socioeconomic, demographic, and living condition factors. The results point to the strong influence that familial factors have in shaping a child's likelihood of reporting maltreatment. Characteristics of the mother were associated with maltreatment, but not characteristics of the father. The results highlight a number of mechanisms through which public health interventions may seek to reduce the prevalence of child maltreatment in Kurdistan; different approaches are needed to reduce child maltreatment in the home and school environments.  相似文献   

A "place n play" modular pump for portable microfluidic applications     

Li G  Luo Y  Chen Q  Liao L  Zhao J 《Biomicrofluidics》2012,6(1):14118-1411816

This paper presents an easy-to-use, power-free, and modular pump for portable microfluidic applications. The pump module is a degassed particle desorption polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) slab with an integrated mesh-shaped chamber, which can be attached on the outlet port of microfluidic device to absorb the air in the microfluidic system and then to create a negative pressure for driving fluid. Different from the existing monolithic degassed PDMS pumps that are generally restricted to limited pumping capacity and are only compatible with PDMS-based microfluidic devices, this pump can offer various possible configures of pumping power by varying the geometries of the pump or by combining different pump modules and can also be employed in any material microfluidic devices. The key advantage of this pump is that its operation only requires the user to place the degassed PDMS slab on the outlet ports of microfluidic devices. To help design pumps with a suitable pumping performance, the effect of pump module geometry on its pumping capacity is also investigated. The results indicate that the performance of the degassed PDMS pump is strongly dependent on the surface area of the pump chamber, the exposure area and the volume of the PDMS pump slab. In addition, the initial volume of air in the closed microfluidic system and the cross-linking degree of PDMS also affect the performance of the degassed PDMS pump. Finally, we demonstrated the utility of this modular pumping method by applying it to a glass-based microfluidic device and a PDMS-based protein crystallization microfluidic device.  相似文献   

Shape controllable microgel particles prepared by microfluidic combining external ionic crosslinking     

Hu Y  Wang Q  Wang J  Zhu J  Wang H  Yang Y 《Biomicrofluidics》2012,6(2):26502-265029

Alginate microgels with varied shapes, such as mushroom-like, hemi-spherical, red blood cell-like, and others, were generated by combining microfluidic and external ionic crosslinking methods. This novel method allows a continuous fine tuning of the microgel particles shape by simply varying the gelation conditions, e.g., viscosity of the gelation bath, collecting height, interfacial tension. The release behavior of iopamidol-loaded alginate microgel particles with varied morphologies shows significant differences. Our technique can also be extended to microgels formation from different anionic biopolymers, providing new opportunities to produce microgels with various anisotropic dimensions for the applications in drug delivery, optical devices, and in advanced materials formation.  相似文献   

意会《出师表》     

璐西Q 《八小时以外》2010,(10)

  相似文献   

浪漫的事     

璐溪Q 《八小时以外》2010,(12)

曾经的29年我没有赶上,但幸运的是作为《八小时以外》杂志新一代的小编,我凑巧赶上了第30个年头。那天,我在一个很熟悉的地方和一个很熟悉的人聊起了《八小时以外》,于是听到了一件关于这本杂志的浪漫的  相似文献   

Brazilian adolescents' prosocial moral judgment and behavior: relations to sympathy, perspective taking, gender-role orientation, and demographic characteristics   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Eisenberg N  Zhou Q  Koller S 《Child development》2001,72(2):518-534

The goal of this study was to examine demographic and individual difference variables that predict level of prosocial moral judgment and self-reported prosocial behavior and to test mediating or moderating relations among predictors. The relations of prosocial moral reasoning and self-reported prosocial behavior to perspective taking, sympathy, age, sociometric status, and gender-role orientation were examined with a sample of 149 Brazilian adolescents who completed a series of questionnaire measures. Prosocial moral judgment was expected to be predicted by both sympathy and perspective taking, whereas sympathy or prosocial moral judgment was expected to mediate the relations of femininity and perspective taking to prosocial behavior. Self-reported perspective taking and sympathy interacted when predicting prosocial moral judgment; adolescents who were high in either sympathy or perspective taking (or both) scored high in prosocial moral reasoning. A feminine orientation predicted sympathy and perspective taking, perspective taking predicted prosocial moral reasoning and sympathy, and sympathy had both direct and indirect paths (through moral judgment) to prosocial behavior. The findings generally were consistent with the contention that both the tendency to take others' perspectives and to sympathize are related to level of prosocial moral reasoning, which in turn motivates prosocial behavior. Moreover, patterns of correlations among variables were similar to those found in the United States.  相似文献   

力量、耐力和灵巧训练的结合     

韦斯科特博士  石宏 《体育科技》1986,(4)

大多数的运动需要肌肉力量以及心血管方面的耐力,因而安排一定的时间进行力量和耐力的训练是尤为重要的。在有限的一段训练时间内,什么是提高运动素质的最好方法呢?首先,我们必须确定运动员获取并保持相对高水平的肌肉力量和心血管耐力所需的最少的训练时间。研究表明:大强度的练习可为发展肌肉力量提供有效的刺激,一组要使11块主要的肌肉群都得到锻炼的练习约需20分钟。尽管  相似文献   

吃出一片金灿灿     

梦Q 《母婴世界》2001,(10)

玉米有“黄金食粮”的美称，它富含镁、不饱和脂肪酸、粗蛋白、淀粉、矿物质、胡萝卜素等多种营养成分。眼下正是玉米收获的季节，你还等什么呢，这里的一盘盘玉米大餐，定会叫宝宝吃得大快朵颐，吃出一片金灿灿的玉米新天地。  相似文献   

我看见了什么     

苏斯博士  任溶溶  王晶 《家庭教育》2005,(10)

一个男孩子每天上学前,他的爸爸总要叮嘱他别忘了观察。可是,每当他对爸爸说他在路上看到了什么时,他的爸爸总是非常生气。因为他告诉爸爸的都是奇奇怪怪的事情,如:他看到一条小鱼变成了一条巨大的鲸鱼。今天,男孩子走在路上,他又在想:我该对爸爸说些什么呢?他一路走,一路看,除了自己的一双脚,只看到了一匹马在拉车。还有什么好讲的呢?还是开动脑筋吧:这匹马不是一匹普通的马,而是一匹斑马。这个开头不错,一匹斑马在拉车,像个真正的故事。可是,这样棒的一匹马,总不应该拉一辆大车吧?对,应该拉一辆金光闪闪的战车,轰隆隆地驶过桑葚街。不好,…  相似文献   

妈咪·宝贝健康操──坐翘翘板     

梦Q 《母婴世界》2001,(10)

适合０岁～３岁的幼儿妈妈利用腹部的力量，来回重复坐、躺、抬臀、起，有瘦腰、减腹的效果。妈妈紧紧地环抱，可让孩子有十足的安全感，对孩子而言，忽低忽高的感觉，也刺激有趣哦！  相似文献