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11.
In the present work, the fruits of four Morus species, namely Morus alba (white mulberry), Morus nigra (black mulberry), Morus laevigata (large white fruit), and Morus laevigata (large black fruit), were analyzed for proximate composition, essential minerals, and antioxidant potentials. For this purpose,
the ripe fruits were collected from the northern regions of Pakistan. The major nutritional components (moisture, ash, lipids,
proteins, fibres, carbohydrates, and total sugar) were found to be in the suitable range along with good computed energy.
Total dry weight, pH, and titratable acidity (percent citric acid) were (17.60±1.94)–(21.97±2.34) mg/100 g, (3.20±0.07)–(4.78±0.15),
and (0.84±0.40)%–(2.00±0.08)%, respectively. Low riboflavin (vitamin B2) and niacin (vitamin B3) contents were recorded in all the fruits, while ascorbic acid (vitamin C) was in the range from (15.20±1.25) to (17.03±1.71)
mg/100 g fresh weight (FW). The mulberry fruits were rich with regard to the total phenol and alkaloid contents, having values
of (880±7.20)–(1650±12.25) mg/100 g FW and (390±3.22)–(660±5.25) mg/100 g FW, respectively. Sufficient quantities of essential
macro-(K, Ca, Mg, and Na) and micro-(Fe, Zn, and Ni) elements were found in all the fruits. K was the predominant element
with concentration ranging from (1270±9.36) to (1731±11.50) mg/100 g, while Ca, Na, and Mg contents were (440±3.21)–(576±7.37),
(260±3.86)–(280±3.50), and (240±3.51)–(360±4.20) mg/100 g, respectivly. The decreasing order of micro-minerals was Fe>Zn>Ni.
The radical scavenging activity of methanolic extract of fruits was concentration-dependent and showed a correlation with
total phenolic constituents of the respective fruits. Based on the results obtained, mulberry fruits were found to serve as
a potential source of food diet and natural antioxidants. 相似文献
12.
Nitrogen transformations during co-composting of herbal residues, spent mushrooms, and sludge 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Dong-lei Wu Ping Liu Yan-zhang Luo Guang-ming Tian Qaisar Mahmood 《Journal of Zhejiang University. Science. B》2010,11(7):497-505
Sewage sludge composting is an important environmental measure. The reduction of nitrogen loss is a critical aim of compost
maturation, and the addition of spent mushrooms (SMs) and herbal residues (HRs) may be helpful. To evaluate the nitrogen transformations
during co-composting of sewage sludge, SMs, and HRs, windrows were constructed in a residual processing plant. Dewatered sewage
sludge and sawdust were mixed with SMs and HRs at two proportions on a fresh weight basis, 3:1:1 (sewage sludge:sawdust:SMs
or HRs) and 3:1:2 (sewage sludge:sawdust:SMs or HRs). The mixture was then composted for 40 d. Changes in the physicochemical
characteristic of sewage sludge during composting were recorded and analyzed. Addition of SMs and HRs accelerated the temperature
rise, mediating a quicker composting maturation time compared to control. The addition also resulted in lower nitrogen losses
and higher nitrate nitrogen levels in the compost products. Among the windrows, SM and HR addition improved the nitrogen status.
The total nitrogen (TN) and nitrogen losses for SM and HR treatments ranged from 22.45 to 24.99 g/kg and from 10.2% to 22.4%
over the control values (18.66–21.57 g/kg and 40.5%–64.2%, respectively). The pile with the highest proportion of SMs (3:1:2
(sewage sludge:sawdust:SMs)) had the highest TN level and the lowest nitrogen loss. The germination index (GI) values for
all samples at maturity were above 80%, demonstrating optimal maturity. The addition of SMs and HRs augments sewage composting. 相似文献
13.
14.
Suhail Rasool Madhuri Behari Vinay Goyal Mohd Irshad Bansi Lal Jailkhani 《Indian journal of clinical biochemistry : IJCB》2013,28(2):124-135
Myasthenia gravis (MG) is an autoimmune disease that results from antibody mediated damage of Acetylcholine receptor (AChR) at the neuromuscular junction. The autoimmune character of MG and pathogenic role of AChR antibodies have been established by several workers i.e., the demonstration of anti-AChR antibodies in about 90 % of MG patients. It has been demonstrated that patients with MG also have antibodies against a second protein named presynaptic membrane receptor (PsmR), which is identified by utilizing β-Bgtx, a ligand which binds to PsmR. Using β-Bgtx Sepharose 4B affinity matrix, the PsmR was purified from different regions of human cadaver brain by affinity chromatography. Purified receptor was characterized both by biochemical and immunological procedures. PsmR purified from different regions of the brain shows a specific activity of 0.37 ± 0.01, 0.39 ± 0.02 and 0.43 ± 0.005 nM/ μg of protein in Parietal lobe, Occipital lobe and Frontal lobe respectively. The affinity purified PsmR from the brain of 87 and 68 kd (parietal lobe, occipital lobe and frontal lobe) shows immunoreactivity with myasthenic sera. These findings suggest that PsmR from brain is another antigen against which autoantibodies are developed in Myasthenia gravis patients. Upon treatment with various enzymes we concluded that PsmR from brain is a glycoprotein in which the immunoreactivity resides in the carbohydrate as well as the peptide epitopes. In conclusion the PsmR is another antigen against which autoantibodies are formed in different regions of brain. These can be used as a diagnostic tool for detecting antibodies in the sera or cerebrospinal fluid of MG patients. 相似文献
15.
Ruibei Bai Yuting Ma Yiyao Liu Baoshan Zhang Abida Rasool 《Psychology in the schools》2019,56(6):891-906
The purpose of this study was to explore the relationship between cellphone use and achievement goals in junior high school students. The participants were 282 students randomly selected from a secondary school in Xi'an, China. The Frequency of Cellphone Use Questionnaire and the Achievement Goal Questionnaire were used as measurement tools. The results showed that cellphone use at Time 1 (T1) was significantly associated with performance goals orientation and with mastery goals orientation at both times; cellphone use at Time 2 (T2) was not correlated with performance goals orientation or mastery goals orientation at T1. The cross‐lagged analysis showed a negative causal relationship between the frequency of cellphone use and mastery goals but no causal relationship between the frequency of cellphone use and performance goals. These results may be helpful for guiding adolescents to reduce cellphone use, pay attention to the mastery of knowledge, and establish mastery goals. 相似文献
16.
Assessing potential dietary toxicity of heavy metals in selected vegetables and food crops 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
Heavy metals, such as cadmium, copper, lead, chromium and mercury, are important environmental pollutants, particularly in areas with high anthropogenic pressure. Their presence in the atmosphere, soil and water, even in traces can cause serious problems to all organisms, and heavy metal bioaccumulation in the food chain especially can be highly dangerous to human health. Heavy metals enter the human body mainly through two routes namely： inhalation and ingestion, ingestion being the main route of exposure to these elements in human population. Heavy metals intake by human populations through food chain has been reported in many countries. Soil threshold for heavy metal toxicity is an important factor affecting soil environmental capacity of heavy metal and determines heavy metal cumulative loading limits. For soil-plant system, heavy metal toxicity threshold is the highest permissible content in the soil （total or bioavailable concentration） that does not pose any phytotoxic effects or heavy metals in the edible parts of the crops does not exceed food hygiene standards. Factors affecting the thresholds of dietary toxicity of heavy metal in soil-crop system include： soil type which includes soil pH, organic matter content, clay mineral and other soil chemical and biochemical properties; and crop species or cultivars regulated by genetic basis for heavy metal transport and accumulation in plants. In addition, the interactions of soil-plant root-microbes play important roles in regulating heavy metal movement from soil to the edible parts of crops. Agronomic practices such as fertilizer and water managements as well as crop rotation system can affect bioavailability and crop accumulation of heavy metals, thus influencing the thresholds for assessing dietary toxicity of heavy metals in the food chain. This paper reviews the phytotoxic effects and bioaccumulation of heavy metals in vegetables and food crops and assesses soil heavy metal thresholds for potential dietary toxicity. 相似文献
17.
Ehsan Ullah Munir Jian-zhong Li Sheng-fei Shi Zhao-nian Zou Qaisar Rasool 《浙江大学学报(A卷英文版)》2008,9(12):1715-1723
Heterogeneous computing （HC） environment utilizes diverse resources with different computational capabilities to solve computing-intensive applications having diverse computational requirements and constraints. The task assignment problem in HC environment can be formally defined as for a given set of tasks and machines, assigning tasks to machines to achieve the minimum makespan. In this paper we propose a new task scheduling heuristic, high standard deviation first （HSTDF）, which considers the standard deviation of the expected execution time of a task as a selection criterion. Standard deviation of the expected execution time of a task represents the amount of variation in task execution time on different machines. Our conclusion is that tasks having high standard deviation must be assigned first for scheduling. A large number of experiments were carried out to check the effectiveness of the proposed heuristic in different scenarios, and the comparison with the existing heuristics （Max-min, Sufferage, Segmented Min-average, Segmented Min-min, and Segmented Max-min） clearly reveals that the proposed heuristic outperforms all existing heuristics in terms of average makespan. 相似文献