信息伦理学的本体论基础   总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5  

瑞菲尔&#;凯普偌  平爱 《上海师范大学学报(哲学社会科学版)》2006,35(5):24-35

文章首先对信息伦理学的悠久历史作了简单回顾。信息伦理学起源于米歇尔·佛科特(Michel FoucauIt)所分析的希腊语概念“自由演说”或言论自由。关于信息伦理学的最新概念尤其与20世纪随着计算机技术和因特网的发展而出现的各种问题密切相关,它包括大众媒体、图书馆学、信息科学以及商业等领域的伦理问题。从广义上说,信息伦理学概念涉及所有可能现象的数字重建,从而导致与数字本体论相关的种种问题。作者根据海德格尔关于本体论与形而上学关系的观点,认为本体论与“存在”本身有关,它不仅仅与形而上学讨论的主题即生物的生存有关。本文将海德格尔的理论和乔治·斯宾赛·布朗(George Spencer Brown)、高特路·甫瑞(Gottlob Frege)、尼克拉斯·鲁曼(Niklas Luhmann)等学者的学说相提并论,同时加以比较。用佛科特的专业术语来说,本体论是形而上学的尴尬困境。从本体论的角度探讨信息伦理学的基础,其首要目的是质疑数字本体论的形而上学的奢望。数字本体论被认为是当今对“存在”的普遍理解。作者把人类存在作为一种与万物存在即“无标记空间”相关的伦理关系加以分析,在此基础上探讨一些数字技术的挑战,并着重分析数字代理人的道德状况。作者据理论证,信息伦理学不仅仅涉及与佛劳瑞德(Floridi)所提到的“信息领域”相关的伦理问题。文章将这种观点与佛劳瑞德提出的关于信息伦理学基础以及数码代理人道德状态的论点进行对比分析。文章认为,简化论者把人体作为数字数据的观点忽视了数字本体论的局限性,抛弃了伦理定位的基础。最后,文章探讨了同“数字分隔”相关的问题以及信息伦理学跨文化的方方面面,并提出了长期和短期的研究设想。  相似文献   

Contributing factors to long‐term citation count in marine and freshwater biology articles          下载免费PDF全文

Joshua R. Nash  Rafael J. Araújo  Geoffrey S. Shideler 《Learned Publishing》2018,31(2):131-139

Researchers have investigated factors thought to affect the total number of citations in various academic disciplines, and some general trends have emerged. However, there are still limited data for many fields, including aquatic sciences. Using papers published in 2003–2005 (n = 785), we investigated marine and freshwater biology articles to identify factors that may contribute to the probability of citation and for cumulative citation counts over 10 years. We found no relationships with probability of citation; however, we found evidence that for those that were cited at least once, cumulative citations were related to several factors. Articles cited by books received more citations than those never cited by books, which we hypothesized to be indicative of the impact an article may have in the field. We also found that articles first cited within 2 years of publication received more cumulative citations than those first cited after 2 years. We found no evidence that self‐citation (as the first citation) had a significant effect on total citations. Our findings were compared with previous studies in other disciplines, and it was found that aquatic science citation patterns are comparable to fields in science and technology but less so to humanities and social sciences.  相似文献   

Metabolic time-course response after resistance exercise: A metabolomics approach     

Ricardo Berton  Miguel S Conceição  Cleiton A Libardi  Rafael R Canevarolo  Arthur F Gáspari  Mara Patrícia T Chacon-Mikahil 《Journal of sports sciences》2017,35(12):1211-1218

This study analysed the time course of the global metabolic acute response after resistance exercise (RE), with the use of proton nuclear magnetic resonance (¹H NMR) spectroscopy. Ten young healthy males performed 4 sets of 10 repetitions at 70% of one-repetition maximum in the leg press and knee extension exercises and had the serum metabolome assessed at 5, 15, 30 and 60 min post-RE. Measurements were also performed 1 h earlier and immediately before the exercises, as an attempt to characterise each participant’s serum metabolome at rest. One-way ANOVA was applied and the significance level was set at P ≤ 0.05. RE promoted an increase in 2-hydroxybutyrate, 2-oxoisocaproate, 3-hydroxyisobutyrate, alanine, hypoxanthine, lactate, pyruvate and succinate concentrations. However, isoleucine, leucine, lysine, ornithine and valine had their concentrations decreased post-RE compared with at rest. This is the first study to show significant changes in serum concentration of metabolites such as 2-oxoisocaproate, 2-hydroxybutyrate, 3-hydroxyisobutyrate, lysine, hypoxanthine and pyruvate post-RE, attesting metabolomics as an interesting approach to advance in the understanding of global RE-induced metabolic changes. Moreover, the present data could influence the time point of blood collection in the future studies that aims to investigate metabolism and exercise.  相似文献   

Integrating the hospital library with patient care,teaching and research: model and Web 2.0 tools to create a social and collaborative community of clinical research in a hospital setting     

Blanca San José Montano  Rafael Garcia Carretero  Manuel Varela Entrecanales  Paz Martin Pozuelo 《Health information and libraries journal》2010,27(3):217-226

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Analysis of the interplay between knowledge and performance management in industrial clusters     

Rafael Henrique Palma Lima  Luiz Cesar Ribeiro Carpinetti 《知识管理研究与实践》2012,10(4):368-379

The concept of industrial clustering has been studied in-depth by policy makers and researchers from many fields, mainly due to the competitive advantages it may bring to regional economies. Companies often take part in collaborative initiatives with local partners while also taking advantage of knowledge spillovers to benefit from locating in a cluster. Thus, Knowledge Management (KM) and Performance Management (PM) have become relevant topics for policy makers and cluster associations when undertaking collaborative initiatives. Taking this into account, this paper aims to explore the interplay between both topics using a case study conducted in a collaborative network formed within a cluster. The results show that KM should be acknowledged as a formal area of cluster management so that PM practices can support knowledge-oriented initiatives and therefore make better use of the new knowledge created. Furthermore, tacit and explicit knowledge resulting from PM practices needs to be stored and disseminated throughout the cluster as a way of improving managerial practices and regional strategic direction.  相似文献   

Single landmark feedback-based time optimal navigation for a differential drive robot     

Vladimir Macias  Israel Becerra  Edgar Martinez  Rafael Murrieta-Cid  Hector M. Becerrra 《Journal of The Franklin Institute》2021,358(9):4761-4792

In this paper, we propose a feedback-based control approach to execute the time optimal motion trajectories for a differential drive robot. These trajectories are composed of straight lines and rotations in place. We show that the evolution of the position of a single landmark over time, in a local reference frame, makes it possible to track a prescribed time-optimal robot’s trajectory, based on feedback of the landmark’s position. We also show that the closed-loop system is an exponentially stable one with a nonvanishing perturbation, and that globally uniformly ultimately boundedness of the tracking errors can be achieved. The two main results of this work are: 1) Our approach leverages visual servo control type of methods with tools from optimal control for executing time-optimal trajectories in the state space based on feedback information. 2) The approach is able to work with the minimum number of landmarks–only one–this represents a necessary and sufficientcondition for landmark-based navigation. Experiments in a physical robot, a nonholonomic differential drive system equipped with an omnidirectional laser sensor, are shown, which validate the proposed theoretical modelling.  相似文献   

A STUDY OF SEMIOTIC REGISTERS IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE DEFINITE INTEGRAL OF FUNCTIONS OF TWO AND THREE VARIABLES     

Daniel Lee McGee  Rafael Martinez-Planell 《International Journal of Science and Mathematics Education》2014,12(4):883-916

Tracing the path from a numerical Riemann sum approximating the area under a curve to a definite integral representing the precise area in various texts and online presentations, we found 3 semiotic registers that are used: the geometric register, the numerical register, and the symbolic register. The symbolic register had 3 representations: an expanded sum, a sum in sigma notation, and the definite integral. Reviewing the same texts, we found that in the presentation of double and triple integrals, not a single textbook continues to present the numerical register and the expanded sum representation of the symbolic register. They are implied and the expectation appears to be that students no longer need them. The omission of these representations is quite ubiquitous and correspondingly affects millions of students. Materials that present the missing numerical register representation and the expanded sum representation of the symbolic register throughout topics associated with double and triple integrals have been created. This paper presents the results of a clinical study on the improvement of student comprehension of multivariable integral topics when these representations are included.  相似文献   

‘I will be “fighting” even more for pupils with SEN’: SENCOs' role predictions in the changing English policy context          下载免费PDF全文

Sue Pearson  Rafael Mitchell  Maria Rapti 《Journal of Research in Special Educational Needs》2015,15(1):48-56

The Coalition Government's ‘Green Paper’ (DfE 2011) proposes a systemic overhaul of services for pupils with special educational needs in England, with increased parental choice of provision and ‘sharper accountability’ (p. 67) in schools. Deadlines for various stages of this reform have not been met, and its final nature remains uncertain. This paper reveals SENCOs' insights into their changing role in this turbulent policy context. This is achieved through the thematic analysis of 227 responses to an ‘open‐ended’ question in the national Special Educational Needs Coordinator (SENCO) Survey 2012. Findings from this sample indicate that SENCOs predict that schools in England will become more inclusive, with greater shared responsibility for achievement for all, and SENCOs' increased involvement in staff training and other whole school capacity‐building activities. Respondents predict a greater partnership with parents, for whom they will provide advice and links to other services. They foresee their reduced involvement in direct teaching and an intensification of their work in other ways, especially in terms of paperwork associated with pupil tracking and other accountability measures. These changes are anticipated against a backdrop of resource cuts, requiring SENCOs to show increasing self‐reliance and imagination.  相似文献   

Relationship Between Language and Concept Science Notebook Scores of English Language Learners and/or Economically Disadvantaged Students     

Huerta  Margarita  Irby  Beverly J.  Lara-Alecio  Rafael  Tong  Fuhui 《International Journal of Science and Mathematics Education》2015,14(2):269-285

Despite research interest in testing the effects of literacy-infused science interventions in different contexts, research exploring the relationship, if any, between academic language and conceptual understanding is scant. What little research exists does not include English language learners (ELLs) and/or economically disadvantaged (ED) student samples—students most at risk academically. This study quantitatively determined if there exists a relationship, and if so, how strong of a relationship, between ELL and ED students’ academic language and conceptual understanding based on science notebook scores used in a larger science and literacy-infused intervention with a sample of culturally diverse students. The study also considered strengths of relationships between language and concept science notebook scores within student language status groups (ELL, former ELL, and English speaking). Correlational analyses noted positive, large, and significant correlations between students’ language and concept scores overall, with the largest correlations for science notebook entries using more academic language. Large correlations also existed for ELL student entries at the end of the school year. Implications of the findings for future research and practice in science classrooms including literacy interventions, such as science notebooks, with populations of culturally diverse students are discussed.

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Assessment of patient safety culture in clinical laboratories in the Spanish National Health System     

Angeles Giménez-Marín  Francisco Rivas-Ruiz  Ana M. García-Raja  Rafael Venta-Obaya  Margarita Fusté-Ventosa  Inmaculada Caballé-Martín  Alfonso Benítez-Estevez  Ana I. Quinteiro-García  José Luis Bedini  Antonio León-Justel  Montserrat Torra-Puig 《Biochemia medica : ?asopis Hrvatskoga dru?tva medicinskih biokemi?ara / HDMB》2015,25(3):363-376

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