Protection from extinction provided by a conditioned inhibitor     

Bridget L. McConnell  Ralph R. Miller 《Learning & behavior》2010,38(1):68-79

Three conditioned suppression experiments with rats as subjects investigated the influence of higher order associations in determining the response potential of a target stimulus. In these experiments, a Pavlovian conditioned inhibitor was compounded with the target cue during extinction treatment. In Experiment 1, strong suppression was observed to the target cue that was given extinction treatment in the presence of a conditioned inhibitor, relative to a target that was extinguished with an associatively neutral cue or was extinguished alone, suggestive of enhanced protection from extinction provided by a conditioned inhibitor. This effect was replicated in a sensory preconditioning preparation in Experiment 2; in Experiment 3, in a sensory preconditioning preparation, this protection effect was retroactively attenuated when the conditioned excitor used to train the conditioned inhibitor was extinguished following extinction of the target. This provides evidence that, at least in a sensory preconditioning preparation, stimuli that are only indirectly associated with the target cue can contribute to the response potential of that target.  相似文献   

Early detection of fungal biomass on library materials     

Nick R. Konkol  Christopher J. McNamara  Ethel Hellman  Ralph Mitchell 《Journal of Cultural Heritage》2012,13(2):115-119

Library materials are susceptible to fungal deterioration. The paper constituents of archival materials are subjected to harmful physical and chemical processes as they are slowly consumed by fungi. Remediation of fungal contamination can be costly and risk further damage to fragile or previously degraded materials. Early detection of fungal growth would permit the use of relatively noninvasive treatments to remediate fungal contamination of artifacts before visible or lasting damage has occurred. Current methods used for the detection of microbial biomass, such as colony counts, microscopic biovolume estimation, and ergosterol analysis are expensive, time consuming, or are inappropriate for use with fungi. Beta-N-acetylhexosaminidase (EC 3.2.1.52) activity provides a rapid and reliable means of fungal detection on a variety of cultural heritage materials. Adapted for use on archival materials, fluorogenic 4-Methylumbelliferyl (MUF) labeled substrate N-acetyl-Beta-D-glucosamine (NAG) was used to detect fungal beta-N-acetylhexosaminidase activity. The fluorescence generated by minute quantities of fungi was quickly detected at an early stage of growth. The sensitivity of the assay was comparable to other biochemical techniques. The fluorometric assay was well-suited for early detection of fungal biomass on paper and assessment of the effectiveness of common remediation practices.  相似文献   

Editorial     

Sue Ralph 《Journal of Research in Special Educational Needs》2014,14(3):143-144

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Editorial     

Ralph E. Kirkman 《Peabody Journal of Education》2013,88(4):261-262

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Addendum to Wheeler, Stout, and Miller (2004)     

Daniel S. Wheeler  Steven C. Stout  Ralph R. Miller 《Learning & behavior》2006,34(1):109-109

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JORSEN special issue – international images of inclusion     

Sue Ralph  Ian Kaplan 《Journal of Research in Special Educational Needs》2007,7(1):1-2

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图书馆员国际交流项目评价体系的实证研究     

胡琳  刘倩  舒予  Ralph B.Gabbard 《大学图书馆学报》2017,35(5)

在运用层次分析等数理方法构建的图书馆员国际交流项目评价体系的基础上,制定详细的定性、定量评分细则,以四川大学和亚利桑那州立大学的图书馆员交流项目为例进行实证研究,对项目进行全面评价和分析,并依据评价结果提出进一步的改进建议。  相似文献   

The fiery life of the moment     

Ralph Waldo Emerson 《Quarterly Journal of Speech》2013,99(4)

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COMMISSION ON BIBLE STUDY IN RELATION TO PUBLIC EDUCATION     

Ralph W. Owens 《Religious education (Chicago, Ill.)》2013,108(5):455-458

Foundations of Jewish Education is a required course for masters degree students in Jewish Education offered by the William S. Davidson School of Jewish Education at the Jewish Theological Seminary of America. As an introduction to the theory and practice of Jewish education, it seeks to integrate theory from a wide range of fields as a way of helping students conceptualize the practice of Jewish education. Using syllabi from three different versions of the course, including an online version of it, this study identifies three central themes that animate the syllabi. The nature of the relationship between theory and practice, a key component of this course, is examined in light of the interdisciplinary orientation of the syllabi. Finally, questions about the distinctly religious dimensions of the course are raised as part of an inquiry into the implications of religious pluralism in Jewish education.  相似文献   

REALITIES,VISIONS, AND PROMISES OF A MULTICULTURAL FUTURE     

Mary Elizabeth Moore  Boyung Lee  Katherine Turpin  Ralph Casas  Lynn Bridgers  Veronice Miles 《Religious education (Chicago, Ill.)》2013,108(3):287-315

Religious education has changed considerably over the 100 years of the Religious Education Association (REA); urgency has increased for human communities to honor diversity. The focus of this article is realities, visions, and promises of cultural diversity. The article includes an overview of REA's recent history, exemplifying its efforts and limitations in diversity. It then turns to five commentaries on a multicultural future, drawing on autobiographical analysis, religious and educational literature, and empirical study. Authors explicate and argue for: engaging in post-colonial analysis, de-centering assumptions, searching for a story to claim, taking time, and entering deep waters.  相似文献