Family rearing antecedents of pubertal timing   总被引：5，自引：2，他引：3  

Belsky J  Steinberg LD  Houts RM  Friedman SL  DeHart G  Cauffman E  Roisman GI  Halpern-Felsher BL  Susman E;NICHD Early Child Care Research Network 《Child development》2007,78(4):1302-1321

Two general evolutionary hypotheses were tested on 756 White children (397 girls) studied longitudinally: (1) rearing experiences would predict pubertal timing; and (2) children would prove differentially susceptible to rearing. Analysis of pubertal measurements, including some based on repeated physical assessments, showed that mothering and fathering, earlier and later in childhood, predicted pubertal development, but only for girls, with negative parenting appearing most influential; maternal harsh control predicted earlier menarche. Rearing effects varied by infant negative emotionality, proving stronger (and opposite) for girls who in infancy were lower rather than higher in negativity. Maternal menarche, controlled in all analyses, was a stronger predictor than rearing. Findings are discussed in terms of theory development, genetic and nutritional influences, and sample restrictions.  相似文献   

Critical reflection through personal pronoun analysis (critical analysis) to identify and individualise teacher professional development     

Jacolyn Weller 《Teacher Development》2019,23(1):139-154

A central part of teacher education is critical reflection. To engage with the new – embrace change – is inherently difficult. The solution is teacher control of change. Those who embrace change, or not, are identified in their language. Pronoun analysis situates a teacher and determines areas of discomfort for change. Particular personal pronouns are evident when one is connected to, or distanced from, an artefact. This provides an avenue to individualise and pinpoint professional development (PD) requirements. Compared to traditional PD, this is efficient as it targets areas of discomfort for professional learning. Ideally, a teacher experiments with the new, indicates confidence and presents expertise to enable transmission into teaching. In this article, I illustrate how pronoun analysis was applied through interview data where science teachers were engaged in a discourse of Information Communication Technology integration. From this prior research data, a case is presented for individualised language analysis to direct PD. When a teacher is the active agent who self-analyses his or her own discomfort, an ownership pathway for directed proactive learning is created that goes beyond critical reflection into the new domain of critical analysis.  相似文献   

Master of Professional Studies in Agriculture and Life Sciences offered through the Field of Food Science and Technology at Cornell University: A Model for the Development of a Course‐Based Graduate Degree in Food Science and Technology          下载免费PDF全文

Daniel Weller  Janette Robbins  Andrea Elmore  Martin Wiedmann 《Journal of Food Science Education》2015,14(1):10-17

The shortage of highly qualified graduates with advanced training in food science is a pressing problem facing government agencies and the food industry. This has created a need to recruit and train food scientists at the graduate level. However, most graduate level programs are research‐based and do not meet the needs of many students. The College of Agriculture and Life Sciences at Cornell Univ. has a Master of Professional Studies Program in Agriculture and Life Sciences (MPS‐ALS), which is offered through the Field of Food Science and Technology (FFST), as an alternative to research‐based masters and doctoral degrees. Although the MPS‐ALS program began in the 1970s, the FFST did not take an active role in recruiting students or tracking alumni until 2000. From 2000 to 2013, a total of 56 students, representing an internationally and academically diverse student body, have received MPS‐ALS degrees through the FFST. In May and August 2013, alumni were asked, via e‐mail, to complete an online survey to assess the long‐term impact of the MPS‐ALS program on their career success. The results of the survey indicate that the MPS‐ALS program at Cornell Univ. is a strong program that attracts excellent candidates from a variety of undergraduate fields. Program alumni have been very successful in obtaining full‐time employment, graduate positions and internships, and are highly satisfied with the program. The MPS‐ALS offered through the FFST at Cornell Univ. is a model for the development of course‐based graduate programs that seek to increase the supply of and meet the demand for trained professionals in food science.  相似文献   

Traditional balance and slackline training are associated with task-specific adaptations as assessed with sensorimotor tests     

Samuel Volery  Navrag Singh  Eling D. de Bruin  Renate List  Marc Morten Jaeggi  Brigitte Mattli Baur 《European Journal of Sport Science》2017,17(7):838-846

The purpose of this study was to measure alterations in sensorimotor skills and balance resulting from slackline training and conventional balance training. Forty-three physically fit subjects were randomized into three groups. Two groups practiced three times a week for 15?minutes, including at least once supervised session, on the slackline or perform conventional balance training for 6 weeks. The control group was not allowed to perform any balance training. Before and after the intervention, the subjects underwent sensorimotor and strength tests. The results of our intra-class correlation analysis showed that the stability parameters from the multifunctional training device (MFT, 0.7), the height during the countermovement jump (CMJ, 0.95) and the maximum force (0.88) during leg press showed excellent reliability. A post hoc comparison indicated a larger effect of conventional training (almost 11% reduction in MFT stability) compared with slackline training in group-wide comparisons of the pre- to the post-training measurements. The factor analysis showed that stability and sensorimotor assessment using MFT were correlated, as were height during CMJ and maximal force during leg press, which represented dynamic strength. Because CMJ had the highest intra-class correlation value, it was chosen over maximum force from leg press. For these reasons, only two out of nine measured parameters, namely MFT stability and CMJ, were analysed across groups. The only observed difference between the two groups was MFT stability (slackline???1.5%, conventional???13%), whereas the improvement of CMJ was the same (slackline?+?3%, conventional?+?3%). It can be concluded that slacklining is partly complementary to conventional sensorimotor training.  相似文献   

创新教学报告2016     

M&#;沙普尔斯  R&#;洛克  R&#;弗格森  M&#;加伟达  C&#;赫瑞德杜  高瑞琳  A&#;库库拉斯卡-休姆  吕赐杰  P&#;麦克安德鲁  B.赖迪厄斯  M.韦勒  黄龙翔 《北京广播电视大学学报》2017,(1)

本报告提出了现代社会中改变或创新教学、学习和评价的理论与实践的十种"创新教学法",包括基于社交媒体的学习、有效失败、回授法、设计思维、众包学习、电子游戏学习、形成性分析、为未来而学、超用语以及学习区块链,它们将在未来不同时期内,对教育教学变革产生不同程度的影响.  相似文献   

Training load characteristics and injury and illness risk identification in elite youth ski racing: A prospective study     

Carolin Hildebrandt  Renate Oberhoffer  Christian Raschner  Erich Müller  Christian Fink  Lisa Steidl-Müller 《运动与健康科学(英文)》2021,10(2):230-236

PurposeThe study aimed to investigate the role of training load characteristics and injury and illness risk in youth ski racing.MethodsThe training load characteristics as well as traumatic injuries, overuse injuries, and illnesses of 91 elite youth ski racers (age = 12.1 ± 1.3 years, mean ± SD) were prospectively recorded over a period of 1 season by using a sport-specific online database. Multiple linear regression analyses were performed to monitor the influence of training load on injuries and illnesses. Differences in mean training load characteristics between preseason, in-season, and post-season were calculated using multivariate analyses of variance.ResultsDifferences were discovered in the number of weekly training sessions (p = 0.005) between pre-season (4.97 ± 1.57) and post-season (3.24 ± 0.71), in the mean training volume (p = 0.022) between in-season (865.8 ± 197.8 min) and post-season (497.0 ± 225.5 min) and in the mean weekly training intensity (Index) (p = 0.012) between in-season (11.7 ± 1.8) and post-season (8.9 ± 1.7). A total of 185 medical problems were reported (41 traumatic injuries, 12 overuse injuries, and 132 illnesses). The weekly training volume and training intensity was not a significant risk factor for injuries (p > 0.05). Training intensity was found to be a significant risk factor for illnesses in the same week (β = 0.348; p = 0.044; R² = 0.121) and training volume represents a risk factor for illnesses in the following week (β = 0.397; p = 0.027; R² = 0.157).ConclusionA higher training intensity and volume were associated with increased illnesses, but not with a higher risk of injury. Monitoring training and ensuring appropriate progression of training load between weeks may decrease incidents of illness in-season.  相似文献   

Appraising the Program of the Junior High School     

Gerald M. Weller 《Clearing house (Menasha, Wis.)》2013,86(7):408-410

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The effect of elevating the heels on spinal kinematics and kinetics during the back squat in trained and novice weight trainers     

Mark G. L. Sayers  Caroline Bachem  Pascal Schütz  William R. Taylor  Renate List  Silvio Lorenzetti 《Journal of sports sciences》2020,38(9):1000-1008

ABSTRACT

This research assessed the influence of various heel elevation conditions on spinal kinematic and kinetic data during loaded (25% and 50% of body weight) high-bar back squats. Ten novice (mass 67.6 ± 12.4 kg, height 1.73 ± 0.10 m) and ten regular weight trainers (mass 66.0 ± 10.7 kg, height 1.71 ± 0.09 m) completed eight repetitions at each load wearing conventional training shoes standing on the flat level floor (LF) and on an inclined board (EH). The regular weight training group performed an additional eight repetitions wearing weightlifting shoes (WS). Statistical parametric mapping (SPM1D) and repeated measures analysis of variance were used to assess differences in spinal curvature and kinetics across the shoe/floor conditions and loads. SPM1D analyses indicated that during the LF condition the novice weight trainers had greater moments around L4/L5 than the regular weight trainers during the last 20% of the lift (P < 0.05), with this difference becoming non-significant during the EH condition. This study indicates that from a perspective of spinal safety, it appears advantageous for novice weight trainers to perform back squats with their heels slightly elevated, while regular weight trainers appear to realize only limited benefits performing back squats with either EH or WS.  相似文献   

Children's Judgments About Prosocial Decisions and Emotions: Gender of the Helper and Recipient Matters     

Drika Weller  Kristin Hansen Lagattuta 《Child development》2014,85(5):2011-2028

Children ages 5–13 years (N = 82) responded to prosocial and prohibitive moral dilemmas featuring characters whose desires conflicted with another person's need for help or ownership rights. The gender of the characters matched for half the trials (in‐group version) and mismatched for the other half (out‐group version). Both boys and girls judged that people would more likely help and not harm the gender in‐group versus out‐group. Only girls exhibited gender bias in emotion attributions, expecting girls to feel happier helping girls and better ignoring the needs of boys. With increasing age, children exhibited greater awareness of the emotional benefits of prosocial sacrifice and made stronger distinctions by need level when evaluating prosocial decisions, obligations, and permissibility.  相似文献   

Public Education about Memory and Aging: Objective Findings and Subjective Insights     

Martine E. M. Mol  Renate H. M. de Groot  Dick Willems 《Educational gerontology》2013,39(10):843-858

Public education about memory was evaluated with a controlled intervention trial. Participants in group 1 (n = 273) attended a symposium covering memory-related topics and received a magazine with identical information. Group 2 (n = 141) only received the magazine. Participants were nonprofessionals and professionals aged between 29 and 88. Outcome measures were knowledge about memory and subjective experience. For nonprofessionals, knowledge increment was higher in group 1 than in group 2, indicating that an objective increment in knowledge is present in nonprofessionals after attending the symposium. No knowledge change occurred in professionals. Furthermore, participants were very satisfied after both interventions, even when knowledge transfer was limited.  相似文献