Applied physiology of speed skating     

G de Groot  A P Hollander  A J Sargeant  G J van Ingen Schenau  R W de Boer 《Journal of sports sciences》1987,5(3):249-259

Speed skating exercise can be better understood by taking account of physiological and biomechanical considerations. Comparison with other sports shows the unique and peculiar way of skating propulsion. The relatively long lasting isometric muscle contractions during the gliding phase, alternated with high power output push-offs, place unusual demands on the (local) energy delivering systems. The short and explosive push-off needs a specific pattern of motor unit recruitment. Some mixture of slow twitch (to sustain skating posture) and fast twitch fibres (to effect push off) in the hip and knee extensors seems necessary for optimal skating performance.  相似文献   

The Virtue of Taking Responsibility1     

Doret de  Ruyter 《Educational Philosophy and Theory》2002,34(1):25-35

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Effective learning activities in observation taks when learning to write and read argumentative texts     

Martine A. H. Braaksma  Huub van den Bergh  Gert Rijlaarsdam  Michel Couzijn 《European Journal of Psychology of Education - EJPE》2001,16(1):33-48

On repeated occasions, observational learning has proved itself to be an effective instruction method. Experimental studies have shown to be effective for complex tasks such as reading and writing for both teachers and students as models. The problem when interpreting the results of such research is that, in observation tasks, several mental activities play a simultaneous role. In this study we therefore set out to identify the effective elements of observation tasks. We focused on two elements of the observation tasks, both aimed at stimulating monitoring activities: evaluation of the model’s performance and elaboration on this evaluation. We have also distinguished between elaboration on the observed products (the models’ written answers), and elaboration on the observed processes (the models’ verbalisations of their mental activities). The data were subjected to a LISREL analysis. First of all, it was observed that subjects who performed “evaluation” and “productelaboration” better, and “process-elaboration” more often in one lesson, also performed these activities better or more often in the subsequent lesson. Next, we observed an effect of aptitude on the learning activities: pre skill scores influence “evaluation” and “product-elaboration”. The most important finding is that “evaluation” and “product-elaboration” contribute positively to argumentative writing skills. It is discussed that these findings confirm the importance of the monitoring, evaluative and reflective activities when learning complex tasks as writing.  相似文献   

Exploiting Distance Technology to Foster Experimental Design as a Neglected Learning Objective in Labwork in Chemistry   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Cédric?d’HamEmail author  Erica?de?Vries  Isabelle?Girault  Patricia?Marzin 《Journal of Science Education and Technology》2004,13(4):425-434

This paper deals with the design process of a remote laboratory for labwork in chemistry. In particular, it focuses on the mutual dependency of theoretical conjectures about learning in the experimental sciences and technological opportunities in creating learning environments. The design process involves a detailed analysis of the expert task and knowledge, e.g., spectrophotometry as a method for the determination of the concentration of a compound in a solution. In so doing, modifications in transposing tasks and knowledge to the learning situation can be monitored. The remote laboratory is described, as well as the specific features that alter the degree of fidelity of the learning situation in comparison with the expert one. It is conjectured that these alterations might represent actual benefits for learning.  相似文献   

EDUCATING GIFTED PUPILS IN REGULAR SCHOOLS: INTRACLASS DIFFERENTIATION     

W. van Dijk  W. A. M. Kok  G. T. M. Poorthuis 《High Ability Studies》1991,2(1):35-42

After introducing a differentiation model for the benefit of gifted pupils in regular schools, this article discusses some important findings of the research project “High giftedness in education”, carried out at the ISOR, the Educational Research Department at the University of Utrecht. Data from survey research indicate what special provision has been made for gifted pupils in secondary schools in the Netherlands. Further data summarize experiences with the differentiation model at two different types of secondary school. Finally, some adaptations of the differentiation model are outlined.  相似文献   

Social-emotional characteristics and special educational needs     

Joost Meijer  Miriam Fossen  Cornelis M. van Putten  Aryan van der Leij 《European Journal of Psychology of Education - EJPE》2006,21(4):385-400

The aim of the research described in this article was the development of an instrument to measure social emotional characteristics and special educational and pedagogical needs of students in the last grade of primary education. Questionnaires were developed for teachers as well as for students. Exploratory factor analyses showed that the factors underlying the structure of the teacher questionnaire corresponded for the larger part with the negative poles of four factors of the Big Five, i.e., conscientiousness, agreeableness, extraversion, and emotional stability. A stepwise regression analysis was conducted to examine which factors contribute to the prediction of type of secondary education. Intelligence was the most important predictor; lack of conscientiousness accounted for another nine percent of the variance in level of secondary education.  相似文献   

Self Organising Wayfinding Support for Lifelong Learners     

Colin Tattersall  Jocelyn Manderveld  Bert van den Berg  René van Es  José Janssen  Rob Koper 《Education and Information Technologies》2005,10(1-2):111-123

Lifelong learning puts learner self-direction centre-stage. However, increased responsibility should not come at the price of over-burdening or abandonment of learners as they progress along their learning journey. This paper introduces an approach to wayfinding support for lifelong learners based on self-organisation theory. It describes an architecture which supports the recording, processing and presentation of collective learner behaviour designed to create a feedback loop informing learners of successful paths towards the attainment of learning goals. The approach is presented as an alternative to methods of achieving adaptation in hypermedia-based learning environments which involve learner modelling. The article concludes with a discussion of the questions being addressed in our ongoing research.  相似文献   

The moving image in education research: Reassembling the body in classroom video data     

Elizabeth de Freitas 《International journal of qualitative studies in education》2016,29(4):553-572

While audio recordings and observation might have dominated past decades of classroom research, video data is now the dominant form of data in the field. Ubiquitous videography is standard practice today in archiving the body of both the teacher and the student, and vast amounts of classroom and experiment clips are stored in online archives. Yet little to no research interrogates how this data partakes in the history of scientific cinema, assembling particular images of teacher and student bodies, nor how the digital nature of video devices might indeed challenge theoretical assumptions about social science more generally. This paper situates current video research practices within the history of scientific cinema and opens up the discussion about how these practices are linked to shifting structures of industrial labor. The paper uses the work of Gilles Deleuze – on art, cinema and the body – as a means of provoking the reader to consider new ways of working with the moving image.  相似文献   

Process-oriented instruction: Some considerations     

Frank P. C. M. de Jong 《European Journal of Psychology of Education - EJPE》1995,10(4):317-323

This paper does not attempt to be an introduction on process-oriented instruction by providing all the assumptions and key principles. It rather highlights the necessary epistemological shift in education from learning as a receptive process towards learning as a constructive process. The basis for this shift is not a matter of theoretical considerations but lies in the requirements of personal cognitive functioning in the contemporary community. Process-oriented instruction includes not only this epistomological shift. Consequently, process-oriented instruction does not only focus on the information processing activities in the learning process, but also on the affective and the regulative activities. Moreover, it aims at improving students’ learning competence by enhancing the quality of students’ learning competence by enhancing the quality of students’ cognitive and metacognitive development.  相似文献   

Parenting and development of one-year-olds: links with parental, contextual, and child characteristics     

van Bakel HJ  Riksen-Walraven JM 《Child development》2002,73(1):256-273

A set of hypotheses derived from Belsky's process model of the determinants of parenting was tested in a sample of 129 Dutch parents with their 15-month-old infants. Parental ego-resiliency and education, partner support, and infant social fearfulness were found to explain significant and unique portions of variance in the observed quality of parental behavior, which, in turn, was linked to the infants' attachment security and cognitive development. Parental intelligence was both indirectly--through parenting--and directly related with infant Bayley Mental Developmental Index, whereas parental ego-resiliency was both indirectly and directly linked with infant Attachment Q-Set security. Belsky's claim that parents' personal resources are most effective and child characteristics are least effective in buffering the parenting system was not empirically confirmed.  相似文献