Children's sociometric membership group and computer‐supported interaction in school settings     

Ritva Koivusaari 《教育心理学》2004,24(3):359-374

This study analyzed what kind of role sociometric status has in non‐real time computer conversations. Computer‐supported conversations were investigated by using two local area networks. Participants were 52 9 to 10‐year‐old schoolchildren selected from three sociometric strata: rejected, average, and popular. Children's preferred friends, school project companions, and spare time companions were considered separately. Furthermore, the role of achievement was studied. Results show that boys participate in conversations more actively than girls do. Rejected children are not at a disadvantage compared to popular children. Moreover, boys in the average popularity group engage in more active computer conversations than children in other groups. Most of the diversities are obtained when sociometric grouping is based on school project companions. This study shows that group working skills are more important for boys than for girls.  相似文献   

What do the participants gain? Group counselling to enhance agency at work     

Marjatta Vanhalakka-Ruoho  Ritva Ruponen 《International Journal for Educational and Vocational Guidance》2013,13(3):217-231

Group counselling was carried out in an IT enterprise. The task was to study structured group counselling as a space for enhancing participants’ agency at work. The first research question concerned changes the participants reported regarding the group and their collaborative and individual work. The second research question asked what kinds of individual courses of development emerged based on changes in the participants’ self-observation and action patterns.  相似文献   

Effect of resistance training regimens on treadmill running and neuromuscular performance in recreational endurance runners     

Jussi Mikkola  Ville Vesterinen  Ritva Taipale  Benoit Capostagno  Keijo Häkkinen  Ari Nummela 《Journal of sports sciences》2013,31(13):1359-1371

Abstract

The purpose of this study was to assess the effects of heavy resistance, explosive resistance, and muscle endurance training on neuromuscular, endurance, and high-intensity running performance in recreational endurance runners. Twenty-seven male runners were divided into one of three groups: heavy resistance, explosive resistance or muscle endurance training. After 6 weeks of preparatory training, the groups underwent an 8-week resistance training programme as a supplement to endurance training. Before and after the 8-week training period, maximal strength (one-repetition maximum), electromyographic activity of the leg extensors, countermovement jump height, maximal speed in the maximal anaerobic running test, maximal endurance performance, maximal oxygen uptake ([Vdot]O_2max), and running economy were assessed. Maximal strength improved in the heavy (P = 0.034, effect size ES = 0.38) and explosive resistance training groups (P = 0.003, ES = 0.67) with increases in leg muscle activation (heavy: P = 0.032, ES = 0.38; explosive: P = 0.002, ES = 0.77). Only the heavy resistance training group improved maximal running speed in the maximal anaerobic running test (P = 0.012, ES = 0.52) and jump height (P = 0.006, ES = 0.59). Maximal endurance running performance was improved in all groups (heavy: P = 0.005, ES = 0.56; explosive: P = 0.034, ES = 0.39; muscle endurance: P = 0.001, ES = 0.94), with small though not statistically significant improvements in [Vdot]O_2max (heavy: ES = 0.08; explosive: ES = 0.29; muscle endurance: ES = 0.65) and running economy (ES in all groups < 0.08). All three modes of strength training used concurrently with endurance training were effective in improving treadmill running endurance performance. However, both heavy and explosive strength training were beneficial in improving neuromuscular characteristics, and heavy resistance training in particular contributed to improvements in high-intensity running characteristics. Thus, endurance runners should include heavy resistance training in their training programmes to enhance endurance performance, such as improving sprinting ability at the end of a race.  相似文献