排序方式： 共有121条查询结果，搜索用时 562 毫秒
51.
Rodrigo Enrique Elizondo‐Omaña Jesus Alberto Morales‐Gómez Orlando Morquecho‐Espinoza José Miguel Hinojosa‐Amaya Eliud Enrique Villarreal‐Silva Maria de los Angeles García‐Rodríguez Santos Guzmán‐López 《Anatomical sciences education》2010,3(5):267-271
Basic and superior reasoning skills are woven into the clinical reasoning process just as they are used to solve any problem. As clinical reasoning is the central competence of medical education, development of these reasoning skills should occur throughout the undergraduate medical curriculum. The authors describe here a method of teaching reasoning skills in a clinical context during a human anatomy course. Anat Sci Educ 3:267–271, 2010. © 2010 American Association of Anatomists. 相似文献
52.
OBJECTIVE: This study reported the outcome evaluation of the "Apoyo Personal y Familiar" (APF) program for poorly-educated mothers from multi-problem families, showing inadequate behavior with their children. APF is a community-based multi-site program delivered through weekly group meetings in municipal resource centers. METHOD: A total of 340 mothers referred by the municipal social services of Tenerife, Spain were assessed; 185 mothers participated in the APF program that lasted 8 months, and 155 mothers were in the control group. Pre-post test comparisons for the intervention group and post-test comparisons with the control group on self-rating measures of maternal beliefs, personal agency and child-rearing practices were performed. Multivariate tests, t tests and effect sizes (ES) were calculated to determine the program effectiveness on the outcome measures. RESULTS: Mothers' support of nurturist and nativist beliefs and the reported use of Neglect-permissive and Coercive practices significantly decreased after program completion whereas the reported use of Inductive practices significantly increased. Increases in self-efficacy, internal control and role difficulty were also significant in relation to those of the control group. The program was especially effective for older mothers, with fewer children, living in a two-parent family, in urban areas and with either low or medium educational levels. CONCLUSION: The program was very effective in changing the mothers' perceived competences and modestly effective in changing their beliefs about child development and education and reported child-rearing practices. Changes in personal agency are very important for at-risk parents who feel helpless and with no control over their lives. 相似文献
53.
Maria A. Serrat Aaron M. Dom James T. Buchanan Jr. Alison R. Williams Morgan L. Efaw Laura L. Richardson 《Anatomical sciences education》2014,7(5):406-416
Didactic lessons are only one part of the multimodal teaching strategies used in gross anatomy courses today. Increased emphasis is placed on providing more opportunities for students to develop lifelong learning and critical thinking skills during medical training. In a pilot program designed to promote more engaged and independent learning in anatomy, self‐study modules were introduced to supplement human gross anatomy instruction at Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine at Marshall University. Modules use three‐dimensional constructs to help students understand complex anatomical regions. Resources are self‐contained in portable bins and are accessible at any time. Students use modules individually or in groups in a structured self‐study format that augments material presented in lecture and laboratory. Pilot outcome data, measured by feedback surveys and examination performance statistics, suggest that the activity may be improving learning in gross anatomy. Positive feedback on both pre‐ and post‐examination surveys showed that students felt the activity helped to increase their understanding of the topic. In concordance with student perception, average examination scores on module‐related laboratory and lecture questions were higher in the two years of the pilot program compared with the year before its initiation. Modules can be fabricated on a modest budget using minimal resources, making implementation practical for smaller institutions. Upper level medical students assist in module design and upkeep, enabling continuous opportunities for vertical integration across the curriculum. This resource offers a feasible mechanism for enhancing independent and lifelong learning competencies, which could be a valuable complement to any gross anatomy curriculum. Anat Sci Educ 7: 406–416. © 2014 American Association of Anatomists. 相似文献
54.
Ingrid D’avila Francke Thiago Wendt ViolaSaulo Gantes Tractenberg Rodrigo Grassi-Oliveira 《Child abuse & neglect》2013
Studies have shown that environmental factors, such as exposure to childhood maltreatment, might shift the course of addiction. Little is known, however, about whether childhood physical neglect (PN) influences the severity of withdrawal and depressive symptoms during the detoxification period. This is a 3 weeks follow-up study. The participants were divided into 2 groups: those with a history of PN (PN+) (n = 32) and those without a history of PN (PN−) (n = 48). Clinical variables were assessed with the SCID-I, BDI-II, Childhood Trauma Questionnaire, Addiction Severity Index and Cocaine Selective Severity Assessment. Depressive symptom assessments were repeated at three time points. Withdrawal symptom assessments were repeated at five different points following detoxification. A repeated measures analysis of covariance indicated that the PN+ group exhibited a significantly lower reduction in the severity of withdrawal symptoms compared to the PN− group (p < 0.05). Post hoc analyses showed that after 12 days of treatment, the severity of withdrawal symptoms in the PN+ group did not decrease in the same level as was observed in the PN− group. Moreover, a strong correlation was found between the severity of depression and the intensity of the abstinence symptoms during treatment. Patients who reported more depressive symptoms also exhibited more severe withdrawal symptoms. The ASI-6 indicated higher severity problems related to alcohol and psychiatric disorders in the PN+ groups. Our data support the role of childhood PN in the contingencies of the detoxification process of crack cocaine-dependent women. 相似文献
55.
Rodrigo Ramirez-Campillo Cristian Alvarez Javier Sanchez-Sanchez Maamer Slimani Paulo Gentil Mohamed Souhaiel Chelly 《Journal of sports sciences》2013,31(23):2645-2652
ABSTRACTThe effects of plyometric jump training on the physical fitness of male youth (age = 10–17 years) soccer players was examined in relation to inter-set recovery intervals and the maturity of the players in a single-blind, randomized-and controlled crossover trial. Jumping tests and kicking velocities were measured before (T0), after a 6 week control period (T1), after 6 weeks of plyometrics (T2), after 6 weeks of wash-out (T3), and after a further 6 weeks of plyometrics (T4). Subjects were divided into pre- and post- peak-height-velocity (PHV) groups, and were randomly assigned to 30 s or 120 s inter-set intervals during periods T2 and T4. Any changes in jumping and maximum kicking velocities during T1 and T3, had trivial effect sizes (0.01–0.15), but small to moderate improvements (effect size = 0.20–0.99) were observed in both groups during T2 and T4. Gains in pre-PHV players were similar for the two inter-set intervals, but gains in post-PHV players were greater (p < 0.05) with an inter-set recovery of 120 s than with a 30 s recovery. We conclude that plyometric jump training improves the physical fitness of adolescents, irrespective of their maturity, but that in older individuals gains are greater with a longer inter-set recovery interval. 相似文献
56.
57.
58.
The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of maturation on power and sprint performance adaptations following 6 weeks of plyometric training in youth soccer players during pre-season. Sixty male soccer players were categorized into 3 maturity groups (Pre, Mid and Post peak height velocity [PHV]) and then randomly assigned to plyometric group and control group. Vertical jump, standing long jump, and 20-m sprint (with and without ball) tests were collected before- and after-intervention. After the intervention, the Pre, Mid and Post-PHV groups showed significant (P ≤ 0.05) and small to moderate effect size (ES) improvement in vertical jump (ES = 0.48; 0.57; 0.73), peak power output (E = 0.60; 0.64; 0.76), standing long jump (ES = 0.62; 0.65; 0.7), 20-m sprint (ES = ?0.58; ?0.66), and 20-m sprint with ball (ES = ?0.44; ?0.8; ?0.55) performances. The Post-PHV soccer players indicated greater gains than Pre-PHV in vertical jump and sprint performance after training (P ≤ 0.05). Short-term plyometric training had positive effects on sprinting and jumping-power which are important determinants of match-winning actions in soccer. These results indicate that a sixty foot contact, twice per week program, seems effective in improving power and sprint performance in youth soccer players. 相似文献
59.
The experiment in which a candle is burned inside an inverted vessel partially immersed in water has a history of more than
2,200 years, but even nowadays it is common that students and teachers relate the change in volume of the enclosed air to
its oxygen content. Contrary to what many people think, Lavoisier concluded that any change in volume in this experiment is
negligible; moreover, the explanation relating oxygen consumption in the air with its change in volume is known to be wrong.
In this work we briefly review the history behind the candle experiment and its relationship with some typical erroneous explanations.
One of the key factors behind Lavoisier’s success was the use of experiments carefully designed to test different hypotheses.
Following these steps, we performed several closed volume experiments where the candle wick was replaced by a capillary stainless
steel cylinder supported and heated by a nichrome filament connected to an external power supply. Our recorded experiments
are displayed as web pages, designed with the purpose that the reader can easily visualize and analyze modern versions of
Lavoisier’s experiments. These experiments clearly show an initial phase of complete combustion, followed by a phase of incomplete
combustion with elemental carbon or soot rising to the top of the vessel, and a final phase where the hot artificial wick
only evaporates a white steam of wax that cannot ignite because no oxygen is left in the closed atmosphere. After either a
complete or incomplete combustion of the oxygen, our experiments show that the final gas volume is nearly equal to the initial
air volume. 相似文献
60.
Sonia Padilla Elisa Rodríguez Míriam Álvarez Alezandra Torres Arminda Suárez María-José Rodrigo 《Infancia y Aprendizaje》2015,38(2):402-434
AbstractWith the aim of studying the impact of the internet in the home, this paper analyses how the physical component (where and with whom) and attitudinal component (who decides what the child is to see on the internet and motivations for internet use) of the family educational scenario influence the frequency of internet use and diversity of uses, as reported by parents. The participants included 711 parents of children in primary and secondary school. Results showed that being in secondary school, using the internet in privacy at home, without company, internet content under the child’s control, and parental motivations based on the internet being used as a means for the child to relax, predicted higher frequency of internet use. Some of these factors, as well as the presence of peers and new parental attitudes related to the use of the internet for social and learning purposes, predicted a greater variety of uses, suggesting a more appropriate family scenario. The practical implications for parental education on this matter are described. 相似文献