Nature, not books: scientists and the origins of the nature-study movement in the 1890s     

Kohlstedt SG 《Isis; an international review devoted to the history of science and its cultural influences》2005,96(3):324-352

Scientists played a key role in the first systematic introduction of nature study into North American public schools in the late nineteenth century. The initiatives of Wilbur Jackman and John Merle Coulter, affiliated with the young University of Chicago, and Liberty Hyde Bailey and Anna Botsford Comstock, at Cornell University, coincided with the "new education" reform movement that found object lessons and experience-based education superior to textbook teaching. Educational psychologists and philosophers of the 1890s, including G. Stanley Hall, related curriculum methods to perceived developmental stages in children, with a focus on immediate experience. Putting these pedagogical ideas--gained in summer institutes, normal schools, and programs at Chicago and Cornell--into practice were administrators and classroom teachers in both urban and rural classrooms. By 1900, a consensus about the value of nature study among scientists, community leaders, and teachers established it as the recognized general method of studying the natural world in public schools across much of the United States.  相似文献   

我的外星宠物     

Sally 《父母必读》2011,(6)

我们联合瑞思学科英语设计了一系列实用好玩的英文亲子互动游戏,并邀请有孩子的家庭体验原汁原味美国小学(6～12岁)、美国幼儿园(4～6岁),分享最真实有趣的感受,欢迎大家参与。  相似文献   

The C.R.E.A.T.E. approach to primary literature shifts undergraduates' self-assessed ability to read and analyze journal articles, attitudes about science, and epistemological beliefs     

Hoskins SG  Lopatto D  Stevens LM 《CBE life sciences education》2011,10(4):368-378

The C.R.E.A.T.E. (Consider, Read, Elucidate hypotheses, Analyze and interpret data, Think of the next Experiment) method uses intensive analysis of primary literature in the undergraduate classroom to demystify and humanize science. We have reported previously that the method improves students' critical thinking and content integration abilities, while at the same time enhancing their self-reported understanding of "who does science, and why." We report here the results of an assessment that addressed C.R.E.A.T.E. students' attitudes about the nature of science, beliefs about learning, and confidence in their ability to read, analyze, and explain research articles. Using a Likert-style survey administered pre- and postcourse, we found significant changes in students' confidence in their ability to read and analyze primary literature, self-assessed understanding of the nature of science, and epistemological beliefs (e.g., their sense of whether knowledge is certain and scientific talent innate). Thus, within a single semester, the inexpensive C.R.E.A.T.E. method can shift not just students' analytical abilities and understanding of scientists as people, but can also positively affect students' confidence with analysis of primary literature, their insight into the processes of science, and their beliefs about learning.  相似文献   

Describing an ‘effective’ principal: perceptions of the central office leaders     

Oksana Parylo  Sally J. Zepeda 《School Leadership & Management》2014,34(5):518-537

The purpose of this qualitative study was to examine how district leaders of two school systems in the USA describe an effective principal. Membership categorisation analysis revealed that district leaders believed an effective principal had four major categories of characteristics: (1) documented characteristics (having a track record and being a good manager), (2) instructional skills (instructional leadership and data leadership), (3) interpersonal skills (team player and community leader) and (4) perceptual characteristics (being a perfect fit for school and passionate leader). Based on the findings, a graphical model of portraying an ‘effective principal’ from the point of view of district leaders is constructed. Implications for policy, research, practice and leader preparation are offered.  相似文献   

Becoming More Reflective about the Role of Design in Communication     

Sally Jackson  Mark Aakhus 《Journal of Applied Communication Research》2014,42(2):125-134

Robert Craig's constitutive meta-model of communication reminds us that while communication scholarship may feel like discovery of communication's natural properties, it is also often (if not always) on a path to invention of new possibilities and reconstitution. The constitutive meta-model suggests that every theory of communication is also a design language for communication, and that design itself may be a path to theory development. Design inquiry can be conducted in all subdisciplines of communication, incorporating and contributing to widely disparate communication theories. Design work itself takes many forms, producing artifacts as diverse as individual messages, persuasive campaigns, interaction protocols, large-scale participation frameworks for public decision-making, and more. This special issue explores design scholarship in the field of communication, with five original essays representing different subfields and different theoretical approaches. In this introduction, we argue that design work is more than application of theory; design itself is a theory-building enterprise. It is a distinct form of inquiry that builds new knowledge, complementary to, but different in kind from, empirical and critical scholarship.  相似文献   

Book reviews     

Leonard Shatzkin  John Tebbel  Marc Aronson  Amy S. Doherty  Sally P. Bennett  Robert A. Colby  J. James Mancuso  Thomas L. Bonn 《Publishing Research Quarterly》1995,11(2):117-129

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Activity and Behavioral Development in Stunted and Nonstunted Children and Response to Nutritional Supplementation     

Julie M. Meeks Gardner  Sally M. Grantham-McGregor  Susan M. Chang  John H. Himes  Christine A. Powell 《Child development》1995,66(6):1785-1797

It is frequently assumed that undernutrition in young children leads to poor development through reduced activity. 3 groups of 26 1-year-old stunted children were studied: nutritional supplementation, supplementation with psychosocial stimulation, and controls. 26 nonstunted comparison children were also studied. Activity levels were measured by extensive observations in the homes, and development using 4 subscales of the Griffith's Mental Development Scales. Initially, stunted children were less active than nonstunted ones ( p < .01), but after 6 months they caught up regardless of treatment. The mental ages of the stunted children were lower than those of the nonstunted children initially, and improved with either treatment. Initially, activity levels made a significant contribution to the variance in the locomotor subscale only, but not 6 months later. Activity did not predict change in development over 6 or 12 months, nor did change in activity over 6 months predict change in development over 12 months.  相似文献   

Research in progress—england     

Sally B. Childs 《Annals of dyslexia》1968,18(1):67-68

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Learning to use the Internet as a study tool: a review of available resources and exploration of students' priorities     

Bond CS  Fevyer D  Pitt C 《Health information and libraries journal》2006,23(3):189-196

BACKGROUND: The Internet is a valuable information tool, but users often struggle to locate good quality information from within the vast amount of information available. OBJECTIVE: The aim of the study was to identify the online information resources available to assist students develop Internet searching skills, and to explore the students' priorities in online guides. METHODS: A qualitative approach was adopted with two phases. The first was a structured search of available online study skills resources. The second comprised 10 group interviews with a total of 60 students at all stages of five undergraduate health and social care related courses at a UK university. RESULTS: The study found that there were good online guides available, but that, perversely, the better guides tended to require the best searching skills to locate them. A few students were enthusiastic about using online support, however the majority felt that if they had the skills to locate such resources they wouldn't use a study guide to improve these skills, and if they did not have the skills they would not think of using an online guide to develop them. CONCLUSIONS: Students wanted assistance when they had problems or questions, rather than sites that offered structured learning experiences. Personal support rather than virtual support was also considered to be most important to the students in this study.  相似文献   

Language Acquistion: A Many Splendored Process     

Sally M. Rogow 《Review of Education, Pedagogy & Cultural Studies》2013,35(2):147-153

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