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Political rhetoric in a democracy is, in at least some sense, educative and constitutive even as it is instrumentally persuasive. For members of ethnic, racial, or cultural groups that lie outside of the dominant culture, the educative processes that underlie policy advocacy require attention to specific cultures, traditions, historical experiences, and group interests. Thus, even though all out‐groups share many common challenges, they all face unique situations as well. This essay explores these rhetorical challenges and some of the strategies designed to meet them through an examination of the political rhetoric of American Indian activists from the 1972 Trail of Broken Treaties through the 1973 siege at Wounded Knee, South Dakota. Particular attention is paid to the question of audience.  相似文献   
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The present studies directly test the usefulness of two English-language working memory capacity (WMC) assessments with two samples of students whose native language was not English. Participants completed two widely used complex span tasks, Reading Span (RSpan) and Operation Span (OSpan), in English. To determine whether the well-established relationship between WMC and Raven's Advanced Progressive Matrices (RAPM) would be observed when span tasks were not given in the native language of the participant, span scores were regressed against performance on the RAPM. Results indicated that while OSpan was a reliable and valid predictor of RAPM in non-native-English speakers, RSpan administered in English was not.  相似文献   
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Males traditionally outperform females on measures of both visuospatial ability and science achievement. This experiment directly tests a manipulation designed to compensate for such differences through the presentation of relevant illustrations or animations to support the construction of understanding of a specific scientific phenomenon. Males and females read a scientific text about plate tectonics that contained static illustrations, animated versions of the static illustrations, or no illustrations. Participants were assessed on their visuospatial ability and also working memory capacity. Results indicated that while males outperformed females on both the visuospatial measure and overall science learning, the presence of animations effectively eliminated performance differences for this science topic. These results suggest that sex differences in learning outcomes can be overcome by supporting the visualization of scientific phenomena.  相似文献   
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In this study we focus on a new program in Cuba, university studies for older adults or seniors. Specifically, we look at the Special Municipality of the Isla de la Juventud (Isle of Youth) in the context of the larger policy of “universalization of higher education.” We provide information about Cuban perspectives on adult education, discuss the “workshop” as an important mode of educational work, and present information on both the preparation of those who teach older adults and the training of “facilitators” in the workshop mode. This contribution also presents student evaluations, as well as a critique of the program.
Zusammenfassung KUBAS SENIORENUNIVERSIT?T: EIN BLICK AUF DIE UNIVERSALISIERUNG DER UNIVERSIT?T – In diesem Beitrag legen wir das Augenmerk auf ein neues Programm in Kuba, n?mlich Universit?tsstudien für ?ltere Erwachsene oder Senioren. Insbesondere werfen wir einen Blick auf die Gemeinde der Isla de la Juventud im Kontext der weiteren Politik der ’x201C;,,Universalisierung der h?heren Bildung“. Wir liefern Informationen über die kubanischen Blickwinkel auf die Erwachsenenbildung, diskutieren den ’x2018;,Workshop‘ als eine wichtige Methode der Bildungsarbeit und pr?sentieren Informationen sowohl über die Vorbereitung derjenigen, welche Senioren unterrichten, als auch über die Ausbildung der Facilitatoren in der Workshop-Methode. Dieser Beitrag enth?lt auch Evaluationen von Studierenden sowie eine Kritik des Programms.

Resumen LA UNIVERSIDAD DEL ADULTO MAYOR EN CUBA: UN VISTAZO A LA UNIVERSALIZACIóN DE LA UNIVERSIDAD – Dedicamos este trabajo a un nuevo programa educativo de Cuba que ofrece estudios universitarios para adultos mayores. Específicamente, echaremos un vistazo a la Municipalidad de la Isla de la Juventud, en el contexto de una política amplia de ‘universalización de la educación’. Ofrecemos información sobre las perspectivas cubanas en educación de personas adultas, describimos el ‘taller’ como modo importante dentro del trabajo educativo y presentamos información sobre la preparación de aquellos que imparten la ense?anza a los adultos mayores y la capacitación de los ‘facilitadores’ que trabajan en los talleres. Esta contribución también presenta las evaluaciones hechas por los estudiantes y críticas del programa.

Résumé L’UNIVERSITé DE CUBA POUR LES PERSONNES DU TROISIèME ?GE : UN REGARD SUR L’UNIVERSALISATION DE L’UNIVERSITé – Dans cet article, nous nous concentrons sur un nouveau programme à Cuba, les études universitaires pour les adultes plus agés ou les personnes du troisième age. Plus spécifiquement, nous nous tournons vers la Municipalité Spéciale de la Isla de la Juventud (l’?le de la jeunesse) dans le contexte d’une politique plus large de ?’x201C; l’universalisation de l’éducation supérieure ?’x201D;. Nous fournissons des informations à propos des perspectives cubaines sur l’éducation des adultes, discutons de ? l’atelier de travail ? comme d’un mode important de travail éducatif et présentons une information aussi bien sur la préparation de ceux qui enseignent aux personnes du troisième age que sur la formation des facilitateurs sur le mode de l’atelier de travail. Cette contribution présente également des évaluations étudiantes aussi bien qu’une critique du programme.


The authors: Clara Lig Long Rangel has a Masters of Education from the Pedagogical University of Enrique José Varona in Cuba. She holds a chair in adult education at the Medical University of the Isla de la Juventud. She is the president of the Isla de la Juventud branch of the Association of Cuban Educators (APC), a non-profit NGO. She has addressed guidance and links between education and work, didactics and pedagogy in her work. Contact address: Universidad Pedagógica y Facultad de Ciencias Méldica, Isla de la Juventud, República de Cuba. E-mail: clara@ahao.ijv.sld.cu. Antonia Zenaida Sánchez Proenza holds a Masters of Education from the Pedagogical University of Enrique JoséVarona in Cuba. She is Adjunct Professor and Deputy Director of Research and Postgraduate Studies at the Pedagogical University of Carlos Manuel de Céspedes, Isla de la Juventud. Her research interests cover the nexus between education and work, didactics and biology. She is currently working on teacher education and higher education. Contact address: Universidad Pedagógica y Facultad de Ciencias Méldica, Isla de la Juventud, República de Cuba. E-mail: fcmij@infomed.sld.cu.  相似文献   
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This paper deals with real-time discrete adaptive output trajectory tracking for induction motors in the presence of bounded disturbances. A recurrent high order neural network structure is used to design a nonlinear observer and based on this model, a discrete-time control law is derived, which combines discrete-time block control and sliding modes techniques. Applicability of the scheme is illustrated via experimental results in real-time for a three phase induction motor.  相似文献   
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This study is focused on the relationship between the development of segmental awareness and dyslexia. More specifically we have tried to address the question, is it possible to learn to segment well and yet continue to read and write poorly? For this purpose, 14 second and third grade dyslexic children were assigned to three different training programs. Those who participated in the first two programs were taught the skills required to use the phonemes, while those in the third program, who served as a pseudo-control group, were given the exercises in perceptual and psychomotor activities. After the training program, children who had received the first two training programs reached a level of performance similar to that of normal readers in different tasks of segmentation of phonemes. The improvements observed in these tasks were correlated in dictation but not in reading, where there was no difference after training.  相似文献   
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ABSTRACT

Use of instructional technology in social work has grown rapidly in recent years. Despite this increase, there is limited empirical investigation of its impact. In this paper we describe the use of a virtual agency for the teaching of research methods and program evaluation at a school of social work. Evaluation of the virtual agency showed that students in general were satisfied with its use and that higher satisfaction led to higher satisfaction with the overall course. The authors also discuss some of the strengths and weaknesses of using a virtual agency for teaching research and program evaluation.  相似文献   
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