Economic development, human capital, and gender earnings differentials in China   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

Ying Chu Ng   《Economics of Education Review》2004,23(6):587

Gender earnings differentials in China during the course of development in the post-reform period were examined. The analysis showed that the female–male earnings ratio increased over time in all regions. The region with relatively rapid economic reforms had the highest female–male earnings ratio. Decomposition of the gender earnings differential revealed that in the more developed region a lower percentage of the differential could be explained by gender differences in productive characteristics. Changes in the discriminatory component of the differential by region over time suggested that both the “competition” effect proposed by Becker [The Economics of Discrimination, 1971] and the effects of wage decentralization during economic reforms played a different role in the eastern and central regions versus their role in the western region. Further examination of the sub-components of the explained component of the differential highlighted the minor role of education in explaining the gender earnings differentials.  相似文献   

Earth surface modeling for education: How effective is it? Four semesters of classroom tests with WILSIM-GC     

Wei Luo  Thomas J. Smith  Kyle Whalley  Andrew Darling  Carol Ormand  Wei-Chen Hung  Jui-Ling Chiang  Jon Pelletier  Kirk Duffin 《British journal of educational technology : journal of the Council for Educational Technology》2019,50(3):1462-1481

This paper presents results from a randomized experimental design replicated over four semesters that compared students’ performance in understanding landform evolution processes as measured by the pretest to posttest score growth between two treatment methods: an online interactive simulation tool and a paper-based exercise. While both methods were shown to be effective at enhancing students’ learning of the landform concepts and processes, there was no statistically significant difference in score growth between the two instructional methods. However, the attitudinal survey indicated that students consistently favored the simulation approach over the paper-based exercise. With the simulation method, female students showed greater score growth than males, especially for test items requiring higher level thinking. This indicates that the visually rich interactive simulation tool may be integrated to better support female students’ learning in geoscience. Science major students generally outperformed non-science major students in terms of score growth, which suggests that background knowledge played an important role in realizing the potential of computer modeling in enhancing students’ learning. Sufficient scaffolding is necessary to maximize the effect of interactive earth surface modeling in geoscience education.  相似文献   

Orientations to Enrolment of Part-time Students: A classification system based upon students' perceived lifelong learning needs     

David Kember  Richard Armour  Winnie Jenkins  Doris Y. P. Leung  Natalia Li  Kwok Chi Ng 《高等教育研究与发展》2001,20(3):265-280

This article develops a classification system for the orientations to enrolment of part-time students based upon their practical lifelong learning needs. Orientation to enrolment is seen as a complex construct embodying all the reasons, purposes, expectations and motivations that cause students to pick a particular course and elect to study by the part-time mode. Virtually all of the interviewed students had a vocational orientation so some previously used categorisation schemes were not suitable. Instead seven categories relating to lifelong learning needs provided a scheme which covered the cases and related well to explanations given by interviewees for enrolling in the courses. These were re-training or further development for those who need to make a career shift; education for professionals who need to undertake continuing professional development through their careers; an opportunity for a tertiary education for those who did not previously have the chance; an education at the tertiary level for those who did not do sufficiently well at school to qualify for direct entry to university; an alternative to mainstream education; education for adults; and learning for pleasure throughout the lifetime.  相似文献   

Factors associated with staff perceptions towards inclusive education in Singapore     

Kenneth K. Poon  Zijia Ng  Meng Ee Wong  Sarinajit Kaur 《Asia Pacific Journal of Education》2016,36(1):84-97

In this study, we sought to examine the perceptions of teachers and other school professionals towards the inclusion of secondary school students with special educational needs (SEN), and the associated factors. The Sentiments, Attitudes and Concerns about Inclusive Education Revised scale (SACIE-R) was completed by 131 teachers and school professionals from two mainstream secondary schools in Singapore. The findings revealed an overall neutral attitude towards inclusion. Together, confidence in teaching students with SEN, the level of training SEN support, as well as experience teaching students with SEN account for a large proportion of the variance in ratings of inclusive perceptions. Further analyses revealed that confidence in teaching or supporting students with SEN was found to be a significant predictor of inclusive perceptions. The findings suggest that schools seeking to engage in inclusive practices should focus on ways to develop the confidence of personnel to support students with SEN. Professional development and mentorship were suggested as possible avenues.  相似文献   

Religious engagement and attitudes to the role of religion in society: their effect on civic and social values in an Asian context     

Chris Hin Wah Cheung  Kerry J. Kennedy  Chi Hung Leung  Ming Tak Hue 《British Journal of Religious Education》2018,40(2):158-168

This paper explored the impact of religious engagement (religious background, religious service attendance and religious activities participation) on adolescents’ civic and social values. Attitudes towards the influence of religion on society were investigated as a possible mediator/moderator of religious engagement. A model based on Western literature was tested using a sample of over 2000 Hong Kong students. Secondary data were drawn from the International Civics and Citizenship Education Study 2009. Multi-level modelling was used to assess individual and school level effects on civic and social values. Results indicated that religious engagement exerted varied effects. Religious background showed small and negative effects on students’ civic and social values. Participation in religious services indicated a small, positive and significant effect on social but not on civic values. Participation in religious activities showed no significant effect on either social or civic values. These variables exerted a small moderating effect on social and civic values through attitudes to the influence of religion on society. The latter exerted a positive and significant effect on civic values and a negative effect on social values. These results suggested that Western models depicting the positive relationship between religious engagement and citizenship values may not hold for Asian societies.  相似文献   

Learning in digital environments: a model for cross-cultural alignment     

Shonfeld  Miri  Cotnam-Kappel  Megan  Judge  Miriam  Ng  Carolyn Yeehan  Ntebutse  Jean Gabin  Williamson-Leadley  Sandra  Yildiz  Melda N. 《Educational technology research and development : ETR & D》2021,69(4):2151-2170

Educational technology research and development - This article presents a conceptual model of cross-cultural alignments in education in the digital era. The intention was to explore and respond to...  相似文献   

国产芸香科九里香属化学分类   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

毕培曦  江润祥  吴锦洪  张宏达  李钳  余世孝  Waterman Peter G. 《中国科学院研究生院学报》1986,24(3):186-192

九里香是芸香科的一个小属，主要分布于我国南部及中南半岛，少数个别品种向西南   延伸至印度和斯里兰卡及向东南伸展至澳洲东北部。  我国境内共有8种和1亚种。  九里香   属植物含丰富的生物碱和香豆精，其中包括不少生物活性成分，民间亦每每选用该属植物作传   统草药。最近又从千里香的根部分离得一种新的双吲哚生物碱，命名为月橘烯碱; 该成分有强   效的抗着床活性，对计划生育有重大意义。在发掘月橘烯碱的自然资源的研究过程中，作者分   析了国产的8种九里香属植物，发现该属植物可以划分为两组，即九里香组和棕茎组。九里香   组之成员跟棕茎组的在形态上有明显分别，而且前者之根部含抗着床成分月橘烯碱和8-戊烯   化香豆精，但后者之根部则含咔巴唑生物碱。初步分析了澳洲的卵叶九里香和泰国的暹罗九  里香，其形态及化学成分亦支持将该属分为两组。作者据此发表新组合。  相似文献   

Multiple‐goal learners and their differential patterns of learning     

Chi‐hung Clarence Ng 《教育心理学》2008,28(4):439-456

The hypothesis in this study was that different types of multiple‐goal learners would have different patterns of learning. A sample of 797 adult distance learners enrolled in different programs offered by a distance learning university in Hong Kong completed a questionnaire assessing their goals, use of strategies, motivational beliefs, and attitudes towards the course they were doing. Two‐stage cluster analyses found a group of single‐goal learners (mastery focused) and three groups of multiple‐goal learners with different focuses in their goal profiles: performance focus, work focus, and multiple focuses. These four clusters of learners differed in terms of use of learning strategies, regulatory strategies, motivational beliefs, and attitudes towards the course. Learners focusing on work‐related goals or performance goals achieved better examination results than did those focusing on multiple goals or solely on mastery goals.  相似文献   

A Confirmatory Factor Analysis of the Wong and Law Emotional Intelligence Scale in a Sample of International College Students     

Kok-Mun Ng  Chuang Wang  Carlos P. Zalaquett  Nancy Bodenhorn 《International journal for the advancement of counseling》2007,29(3-4):173-185

There is the need for a reliable and valid measure to facilitate emotional intelligence (EI) research on international college students (ICSs). The present study examined the factorial invariance of the Wong and Law Emotional Intelligence Scale (WLEIS), a trait EI measure, in a sample of 628 ICSs. A web-based survey was developed to facilitate data collection across the country. Results of a confirmatory factor analysis support the factorial invariance of the WLEIS in ICSs. Reliabilities and scale correlations further supported the psychometric properties of the measure for international students. Additional findings indicate possible country-of-origin difference on trait EI among different national groups. An erratum to this article can be found at  相似文献   

Calibration of ϵ−insensitive loss in support vector machines regression     

Hongzhi Tong  Michael K. Ng 《Journal of The Franklin Institute》2019,356(4):2111-2129

Support vector machines regression (SVMR) is an important tool in many machine learning applications. In this paper, we focus on the theoretical understanding of SVMR based on the $??$insensitive loss. For fixed ??≥?0 and general data generating distributions, we show that the minimizer of the expected risk for $??$insensitive loss used in SVMR is a set-valued function called conditional $??$median. We then establish a calibration inequality of $??$insensitive loss under a noise condition on the conditional distributions. This inequality also ensures us to present a nontrivial variance-expectation bound for $??$insensitive loss, and which is known to be important in statistical analysis of the regularized learning algorithms. With the help of the calibration inequality and variance-expectation bound, we finally derive an explicit learning rate for SVMR in some $L^r?$space.  相似文献