‘Equal in Uniform’: People with Intellectual Disabilities in Military Service in Israel     

Shirli Werner  Daniel Katz  Ami Ayalon  Joav Merrick  Ariel Tenenbaum 《International Journal of Disability, Development & Education》2018,65(5):569-579

Although many nations advocate for the full inclusion of people with intellectual disabilities in all realms of life, these individuals are nevertheless still frequently excluded. One field of life that has rarely been considered central for inclusion of people with intellectual disabilities is military service. A unique programme was developed that provides an opportunity for people with intellectual disabilities to serve in the military in Israel. The centrality of the military within Israeli society, along with the aims and phases of the project are described, and brief evidence of the impact of the programme is provided.  相似文献   

Zum Nutzen von Kooperationen für Volkshochschulen     

Andreas Martin  Sonja Muders 《Zeitschrift für Erziehungswissenschaft》2018,21(2):383-405

Cooperation among organisations is a common practice in the area of continuing education. It is facilitated by education policy guidelines, initiatives and funding programs. However, it is still mostly unresolved, which specific advantages are realised by cooperation in the field of continuing education. The following article examines the effect of cooperation among adult education centres in increasing attendance in their continuing education courses. The examination is based on the statistics of adult education centres. The analysis is based on panel data, which help to identify causal connections between courses of cooperation and attendance. The results show that cooperation results in additional educational opportunities and thus increases the attendance numbers. In addition, cooperation among adult education centres holds the potential to attract previously unreached participants.  相似文献   

Is it possible to voluntarily increase hamstring muscle activation during landing from a snow jump in alpine skiing? - a pilot study     

Sebastian Färber  Dieter Heinrich  Inge Werner 《Journal of sports sciences》2019,37(2):180-187

Activation of the hamstrings has been discussed as a measure for reducing strain on the ACL during jump landings in alpine skiing. The current study tested the hypothesis that hamstring and quadriceps activation can be voluntarily increased by the athlete. Specifically, two different instructions – to increase hamstring activation or to increase upper-leg co-contraction – were compared to normal landings. Eight members of the German national and junior national squad in freestyle skiing (age 19.6 ± 3.8 years; weight 66.1 ± 13.2 kg; height 172.2 ± 7.7 cm) performed 12 jump landings on a prepared run, 4 with no specific instruction, 4 with the instruction to generally activate the thigh muscles, and 4 with the instruction to specifically activate the hamstrings. Electromyographic (EMG) signals were recorded on the biceps femoris (BF), semitendinosus (ST), vastus lateralis (VL), rectus femoris (RF) and vastus medialis (VM). EMG activation levels were integrated over three landing phases and analysed with a repeated measures ANOVA. The instruction produced a significant main effect in ST (p = .026), VM (p = .032) and RF (p = .001). Contrary to previous research, the current study suggests that hamstring muscle activation levels can be voluntarily increased during jump landing, particularly in co-activation with its antagonists.  相似文献   

Age-specific response of skeletal muscle extracellular matrix to acute resistance exercise: A pilot study     

Barbara Wessner  Michael Liebensteiner  Werner Nachbauer  Robert Csapo 《European Journal of Sport Science》2019,19(3):354-364

The extracellular matrix (ECM) plays an essential role in the development, growth and repair of skeletal muscles and serves to transmit contractile force. However, its regulation is poorly understood. This study investigates the age-specificity of the effects of acute resistance exercise on ECM gene expression. To this purpose, five young (YM, 23.8?±?2.2 yrs.) and 5 elderly (EM, 66.8?±?4.1 yrs.) men performed one session of unilateral leg press and leg extension exercises. Six hours post-exercise, biopsies were taken from the vastus lateralis muscles of both legs. A PCR array was used to profile the expression of 84 ECM-related genes, of which 6 were validated by qPCR. The PCR array found 9 and 4 ECM-associated genes to be selectively altered (>1.5-fold change) in YM or EM only. Four further genes were upregulated in YM but downregulated in EM. Of the 6 genes validated on individual samples MMP9 expression increased in YM (9.7-fold) and decreased (0.2-fold) in EM. MMP15 was downregulated in EM only (0.6-fold). A significant correlation between leg extension 1 RM and changes in COL7A1 expression (ρ?=?0.71) suggests a potential influence of fitness levels. In conclusion, acute resistance exercise affects ECM gene expression at least partly in an age-specific manner. The altered expression of genes encoding matrix metalloproteinases (MMP3, MMP9, MMP15) highlights the role of remodelling processes in the response to an acute bout of resistance exercise. Larger studies are required to verify the age-associated differences in gene expression profiles and establish their functional implications.  相似文献   

Helsen, Gilis, and Weston (2006) do not err in questioning the optical error hypothesis as the only major account for explaining offside decision-making errors     

Helsen W  Gilis B  Weston M 《Journal of sports sciences》2007,25(9):991-994

Oudejans, Bakker, and Beek (2007) recognize several relevant aspects of offside judgements in association football in the paper by Helsen, Gilis, and Weston (2006). We agree that the existing knowledge base on offside assessment needs to be expanded for two reasons. First, from a theoretical point of view it is important to examine how assistant referees can learn to deal with the limitations of the human visual information processing system. Second, from a practical point of view it is relevant to understand better refereeing performances and to identify potential explanations for incorrect offside decisions that could impact on the final outcome of the game. Oudejans et al. (2007) believe we both misinterpreted the optical error hypothesis and that our data set was unsuited to test it. Below, we react to these comments.  相似文献   

Parents' comprehension of psychological reports     

Judith Wiener  Sonja Kohler 《Psychology in the schools》1986,23(3):265-270

The purpose of this study was to investigate parents' comprehension of psychological reports, employing the same method used by Wiener (1985) in a similar study of teachers. Forty-five parents of handicapped children completed questionnaires and semantic differentials to assess their comprehension of and preference for three formats of psychological reports. As in the earlier study with teachers, it was found that parents comprehended better reports that organize information by functional domain, that describe strengths and problems in clear behavioural terms, that describe the child's learning style fully, and that state specific and elaborate program recommendations. Parents preferred these reports over shorter reports that did not have the above features. They especially liked reports that explicitly respond to the referral questions.  相似文献