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21.
Sherry A. Southerland Gale M. Sinatra Michael R. Matthews 《Educational Psychology Review》2001,13(4):325-351
Epistemological questions about the nature of knowledge and belief underlie many of the controversial issues fundamental to research and practice in science teaching and learning. In an effort to bring some clarity to questions of knowledge and belief embedded within science education research and teaching, we first describe the distinctions drawn between knowledge and belief in both philosophy and educational psychology, each of which have shaped the various definitions employed within science education. This discussion is followed by an examination of the distinctions drawn between knowledge and belief employed by three groups of science educators: the traditional distinctions of the foundationalists that are co-opted by researchers focusing on teacher thinking/cognition, the nonfoundational epistemology of the fallibilists and the evolution educators working from this framework, and the radical constructivists who react to and attempt to move past the limitations of these other positions. In this analysis, we explicate the different ways in which knowledge and belief are understood and operationalized in a broad spectrum of research, we describe the theoretical and philosophical assumptions underlying these approaches, and we explore the important areas of contention (both theoretical and empirical) surrounding each of these distinctions. 相似文献
22.
Pinar Seda Cetin Guluzar Eymur Sherry A. Southerland Joi Walker Kirby Whittington 《International Journal of Science Education》2018,40(5):473-497
This study examines the influence of laboratory instruction that engages students in a wide range of the practices of science on Turkish high-school students’ chemistry learning. In this mixed methods study, student learning in two different laboratory settings was compared, one that featured an instruction that engaged students in a wide range of disciplinary practices (through Argument-driven Inquiry – ADI) and similar laboratories in which a more traditional Structured Inquiry (SI) approach was employed. The data sources included a Chemistry Concept test, an Argumentative Writing Assessment, and Semi-structured interviews. After seven weeks of chemistry instruction, students experiencing ADI instruction scored higher on the Chemistry Concept test and the Argumentative Writing Assessment than students experiencing SI instruction. Furthermore, girls who experienced ADI instruction scored higher on the assessments than their majority peers in the same class. The results suggest that Turkish students can substantially improve their chemistry proficiency if they have an opportunity to engage in instruction featuring a broad array of the practices of science. 相似文献
23.
Baxter Bonnie K. Jenkins Carolyn C. Southerland Sherry A. Wilson Paula 《Journal of Science Teacher Education》2004,15(3):211-232
The development of new courses is strengthened by assessment and a response to the assessment. Two new science methods courses for elementary and secondary preservice teachers were developed, fostered by the Great Salt Lake Project. The preservice teachers designed and performed research projects that they then converted into inquiry-based teaching units. The professors applied a 3-layer assessment scheme to evaluate the courses and the preservice teachers based on changes in student attitudes, student-generated curricula, and internal course evaluations. Each type of assessment effectively informed the reform process, and strengths and weaknesses of the courses were revealed. Strengths of the courses included students learning to see science as a process and comprehending inquiry as a pedagogical approach. Weaknesses observed included a lack of understanding in three areas: the role of assessment, the need to address cultural issues, and the significance of scientific literacy. 相似文献
24.
Sherry A. Southerland Scott Sowell Margaret Blanchard E. M. Granger 《Research in Science Education》2011,41(3):299-317
It is well established that many teachers are resistant to take up the messages of reform if these messages require them to
substantially shift their teaching practices. What accounts for this resistance? One well established explanation is that
teachers lacks the self-efficacy required to attempt something new in their teaching—they simply do not feel capable of effectively
enacting the messages. However, there are a host of studies describing teachers with high self—efficacy who remain resistant
to messages of change. The purpose of this article is to address the gap in the application of self-efficacy to understand
the change or lack of change of science teachers’ practice through the introduction of a related construct, pedagogical discontentment. This construct reflects a state of cognitive conflict that exists when an individual recognizes a mismatch between her/his
science teaching pedagogical goals and classroom practices. One potential result of this mismatch is that a teacher problematizes
her teaching practices, prompting an increased receptivity to reform messages. Building on existing literature, we present
vignettes of four hypothetical teachers who exemplify variations of pedagogical discontentment. When combined with self-efficacy,
pedagogical discontentment provides a useful lens to understand teachers’ consideration and adoption of messages of reform. 相似文献
25.
This paper identifies both epistemic and political shortcomings in the portrayal of science found in curricular multicultural science education. It is argued that this approach denies the unique characteristics of western science as it ignores the particular strengths of other systems of thought. This epistemic weakness has the unexpected political effect of reaffirming scientism. Drawing on parallels from writing instruction, it is argued that curricular forms of multicultural science education operate to limit student agency and potential. Finally, an example of a pedagogical alternative that meets the needs of diverse student populations is discussed. 相似文献
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We examined third graders' understandings of condensation using an expanded notion of the Emergent Perspective, a reflexive consideration of individual and group meaning‐making situated in the culture of the classroom. Data were collected from two small groups of students in an inquiry‐based, urban classroom during a unit on the water cycle. Measures included conceptual pre‐/posttests, interviews, written work, and discourse analyses of a science lesson. Although we identified the supportive role of the teacher's explicit assessments of children's ideas, within the small groups, the force that most potently shaped meaning‐making was students' persuasive power, which was in part influenced by the rhetorical moves employed. Specifically, students' evaluative comments (a type of rhetorical move) about contributions of other group members seemed to be particularly persuasive in these groups. Evaluative comments, apart from students' academic status, were shown to be an important influence in not only social knowledge production but also in individual internalization. Our explanation focuses on the particular discursive practices as intellectual resources of urban students, but we are also mindful of the cognitive complexity of the material and the developmental abilities of the students. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Res Sci Teach 42: 1032–1061, 2005 相似文献
28.
Robin Wilbourn Lee Michele E. Caruso Shelley E. Goins Jennifer P. Southerland 《Journal of College Counseling》2003,6(1):14-24
The authors discuss concepts that are related to providing education and training regarding sexual assault, as outlined by the Crime Awareness and Campus Security Act of 1990, as amended in 1992. Because college counseling center staff members often initiate and plan campus outreach prevention programs, an outline is provided of a prevention/awareness week intervention that is designed to address sexual assault on university and college campuses. 相似文献