Student psychological distress and degree dropout or completion: a discrete-time,competing risks survival analysis     

Stefan Cvetkovski  Anthony F. Jorm  Andrew J. Mackinnon 《高等教育研究与发展》2018,37(3):484-498

Studies of psychological distress (PD) in university students have shown that they have high prevalence rates. These findings have raised concerns that PD may be leading to poorer student outcomes, such as elevated dropout rates. The aim of this study was to examine the association of PD in undergraduate university students with the competing risks of degree dropout or completion. It analysed data from the Household Income and Labour Dynamics in Australia (HILDA) survey. The sample comprised 1265 university students. PD (i.e., probable depression and/or anxiety) was measured with a validated cut-off score of ≤65 on the 5-item Mental Health Inventory (MHI-5) from the Short Form 36 (SF-36). The study used an accelerated longitudinal design with student year of study as the metric of time and estimated dynamic discrete-time, competing risks survival models. Contrary to expectations, the study found that students with PD had lower odds of degree dropout and higher odds of degree completion than students without PD in year 4 of their degrees. This study contributes to the empirical literature on university student mental health by showing that, while PD can be debilitating and negatively affect students’ general educational experience, it is not as harmful to academic progress as might be assumed.  相似文献   

Investigating the theoretical structure of the DAS‐II core battery at school age using Bayesian structural equation modeling          下载免费PDF全文

Stefan C. Dombrowski  Philippe Golay  Ryan J. McGill  Gary L. Canivez 《Psychology in the schools》2018,55(2):190-207

Bayesian structural equation modeling (BSEM) was used to investigate the latent structure of the Differential Ability Scales—Second Edition core battery using the standardization sample normative data for ages 7–17. Results revealed plausibility of a three‐factor model, consistent with publisher theory, expressed as either a higher‐order (HO) or a bifactor (BF) model. The results also revealed an alternative structure with the best model fit, a two‐factor BF model with Matrices (MA) and Sequential and Quantitative Reasoning (SQ) loading on g only with no respective group factor loading. This was only the second study to use BSEM to investigate the structure of a commercial ability test and the first to use a large normative sample and the specification of both approximate zero cross‐loadings and correlated residual terms. It is believed that the results produced from the current study will advance the field's understanding of not only the factor structure of the DAS‐II core battery but also the potential utility of BSEM in psychometric investigations of intelligence test structures.  相似文献   

Knowledge transfer processes in IT outsourcing relationships and their impact on shared knowledge and outsourcing performance   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Stefan  Heinz-Theo  Daniel 《International Journal of Information Management》2009,29(5):342-352

What is the impact of specific knowledge-transfer processes on the level of shared knowledge and, in turn, on outsourcing performance in outsourcing relationships? Drawing on a series of case studies covering IT providers and banks, we investigate several applied knowledge-transfer processes dedicated to the transfer of explicit or tacit knowledge between outsourcing banks and their providers. We examine the differential influence of various types of knowledge transfer on shared knowledge between the parties and on the resulting outsourcing performance. Results depict the differential impact of various knowledge-transfer processes dedicated to the transfer of explicit, or tacit knowledge, respectively, on the development of shared knowledge. Interestingly, the combination of both knowledge-transfer processes dedicated to the transfer of explicit knowledge and those dedicated to the transfer of tacit knowledge proves to be most effective. Furthermore the results indicate that high levels of shared knowledge positively influence outsourcing performance. In addition to previous literature, we found transfer processes for explicit knowledge in an outsourcing context to consist of two dimensions: The content dimension, primarily focused on in literature, and the sender–receiver dimension of transfer processes which are rarely addressed in outsourcing literature. The content dimension embraces mechanisms such as trainings, SLAs and standards that define how content has to be interpreted, whereas the sender–receiver dimension of transfer processes of explicit knowledge defines explicit, documented interaction structures between parties.  相似文献   

Neural Network Agents for Learning Semantic Text Classification   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Stefan Wermter 《Information Retrieval》2000,3(2):87-103

The research project AgNeT develops Agents for Neural Text routing in the internet. Unrestricted potentially faulty text messages arrive at a certain delivery point (e.g. email address or world wide web address). These text messages are scanned and then distributed to one of several expert agents according to a certain task criterium. Possible specific scenarios within this framework include the learning of the routing of publication titles or news titles. In this paper we describe extensive experiments for semantic text routing based on classified library titles and newswire titles. This task is challenging since incoming messages may contain constructions which have not been anticipated. Therefore, the contributions of this research are in learning and generalizing neural architectures for the robust interpretation of potentially noisy unrestricted messages. Neural networks were developed and examined for this topic since they support robustness and learning in noisy unrestricted real-world texts. We describe and compare different sets of experiments. The first set of experiments tests a recurrent neural network for the task of library title classification. Then we describe a larger more difficult newswire classification task from information retrieval. The comparison of the examined models demonstrates that techniques from information retrieval integrated into recurrent plausibility networks performed well even under noise and for different corpora.  相似文献   

A Framework for Electronic Coordination in the Air Cargo Market     

Stefan Reinheimer  Freimut Bodendorf 《The Information Society》1999,15(1):51-55

The increasing need for faster, cheaper, and better logistical service has brought forwarders, carriers, and related services such as customs, banks, and handling companies closer together. This suggests a need to adjust coordination mechanisms. Neoclassical theory considers market-oriented coordination superior to hierarchic if the necessary information and communication can be handled. Since these tasks can be taken over by software instead of human agents, basic requirements seem to be fulfilled. This article outlines how market orientation can be realized in the field of air freight by applying easily accessible communication infrastructures and by considering qualitative aspects in price-finding mechanisms.  相似文献   

Restrukturierung objektorientierter Datenbankschemata mittels formaler Begriffsanalyse     

Ingo Schmitt und Stefan Conrad 《Informatik - Forschung und Entwicklung》1999,14(4):218-226

Zusammenfassung.   Eine Restrukturierung eines gegebenen Datenbankschemas kann aus unterschiedlichen Gründen notwendig werden. So kann dadurch z.B. die Verst?ndlichkeit des Schemas verbessert werden. Im Bereich der relationalen Datenbanken steht die Normalisierungstheorie zur Verfügung, um z.B. Redundanz zu vermeiden. Der Normalisierung liegt dabei ein Begriff der ?quivalenz von Datenbankschemata zugrunde. Im Bereich der objektorientierten Datenbanken gibt es bislang kaum vergleichbare Ans?tze. In diesem Beitrag pr?sentieren wir daher einen Ansatz, mit dem Klassenhierarchien in objektorientierten Datenbankschemata in eine „normalisierte” Form transformiert werden k?nnen. Dazu mu? zun?chst eine extensionale Analyse durchgeführt werden, die die notwendigen Informationen über extensionale Beziehungen zwischen den gegebenen Klassen liefert. Anschlie?end wenden wir Konzepte der formalen Begriffsanalyse an, um eine „normalisierte” Klassenhierarchie abzuleiten. Eingegangen am 16. Januar 1999 / Angenommen am 3. Oktober 1999  相似文献   

Ein Vorgehensmodell für die Multimedia-Entwicklung mit Autorensystemen     

Ralph Depke  Gregor Engels  Katharina Mehner  Stefan Sauer und Annika Wagner 《Informatik - Forschung und Entwicklung》1999,14(2):83-94

Zusammenfassung.   Multimedia-Anwendungen sind interaktive Softwaresysteme und verlangen als solche, mit softwaretechnischen Methoden erstellt zu werden. Sie werden heutzutage in der Regel mit Hilfe von Autorensystemen entwickelt, die eine Ad-hoc-Entwicklung auf Implementierungsniveau unterstützen. Hierdurch und wegen des Fehlens etablierter Vorgehensmodelle für die Multimedia-Softwareentwicklung reduziert sich der Multimedia-Entwicklungsproze? auf die Implementierungsphase. Dies führt zu den in der Softwaretechnik bekannten Problemen wie mangelnder Konzeption und fehlender Dokumentation. Wir stellen in diesem Beitrag ein Vorgehensmodell für die Entwicklung von Multimedia-Anwendungen vor, in dessen Mittelpunkt eine Analyse- und Entwurfsphase im Hinblick auf eine Implementierung der Multimedia-Anwendung mit einem Autorensystem stehen. Ausgehend von einem frameworkbasierten Analysemodell der Anwendung und einem Modell der Realisierungsm?glichkeiten mit einem konkreten Autorensystem wird systematisch ein Implementierungsmodell auf Instanzebene abgeleitet, das als Eingabe für das Autorensystem verwendet wird. Das postulierte Vorgehensmodell wird exemplarisch für das Autorensystem Director am Beispiel der Dom?ne multimedialer Lehr-/Lernanwendungen erl?utert. Eingegangen am 2. November 1998 / Angenommen am 18. M?rz 1999  相似文献   

Negotiating violence: Mixed martial arts as a spectacle and sport     

Jesper Andreasson  Thomas Johansson 《Sport in Society》2019,22(7):1183-1197

Drawing on qualitative interviews with Mixed martial arts (MMA) athletes and stakeholders, this study aims to investigate the relationship between, on the one hand, MMA as a spectacle and imaginary world, and on the other, the fighters’ experiences of violence, pain and ‘the real’. Analytically, we are influenced by the literature on the spectacle and on hyperreality. The results show that athletes’ negotiations concerning the sport largely connect to a particular way of approaching violence – culturally and in terms of physical experience. On the one hand, there is a desire to portray MMA as a civilized and regulated sport. The athletes develop different strategies by which to handle or renegotiate the physical force and violence in the cage. On the other hand, however, the fighters’ bodily control and management of their fear sometimes breaks down. When the spectacle of the octagon becomes ‘real’, the legitimacy of the sport is questioned.  相似文献   

German Sports Medicine in the 1950s: Prevention and Public Health in East and West     

Michael Krüger  Stefan Nielsen  Lukas Rehmann 《国际体育史杂志》2017,34(14):1563-1584

Abstract

The article is part of a research project on the history of German sports medicine, from its organized beginnings in the early twentieth century until today. Through analyzing newly available archival documents, the focus is on the 1950s, when both German society and the political system had to be rebuilt after the war and ‘complete surrender’ of the Third Reich in 1945. Sports and sports medicine in both Germanys of the 1950s had the same roots or traditions, but had to be developed under completely different political and economic conditions. However, a crucial legacy of German sports medicine in East and West was and still is prevention. The specific and very different roles and systems of top-level sports, including sports medical and scientific support which developed since the 1960s, are by contrast, one of the major differences between East and West, causing major conflicts and problems until today.  相似文献   

The visual motor integration test: High interjudge reliability,high potential for diagnostic error     

Peggy P. Snyder  Robert T. Snyder  Stefan F. Massong 《Psychology in the schools》1981,18(1):55-59

Extending Pryzwansky's (1977) work on the Developmental Test of Visual Motor Integration (VMI), this paper investigated scoring agreement among three levels of increasingly better trained VMI diagnosticians. Correlational data demonstrated high interexaminer reliabilities (.92, .93, and .98) between groups of Consumers (Special Education undergraduates), Experts (doctoral Psychology students), and Consensus-Judges (experienced school psychologists) in their scoring of 39 subject protocols. However, gross errors in precision were discovered after the raw scores had been converted into the VMI age equivalent scores: fully 56% of the assigned age equivalent scores resulted in discrepancies of at least one year of age. These findings indicate that, despite high interexaminer reliabilities, great caution must be exercised when children are evaluated or placed by virtue of their age equivalent scores.  相似文献