Visual stress in adults with and without dyslexia     

Chris Singleton  Susannah Trotter 《Journal of Research in Reading》2005,28(3):365-378

The relationship between dyslexia and visual stress (sometimes known as Meares‐Irlen syndrome) is uncertain. While some theorists have hypothesised an aetiological link between the two conditions, mediated by the magnocellular visual system, at the present time the predominant theories of dyslexia and visual stress see them as distinct, unrelated conditions, a view that has received some support from studies with children. Studies of visual stress in adults are rare, yet recent reports of a high incidence of this phenomenon amongst university students with diagnosed dyslexia call for further investigation of the issue. This study sought to clarify the relationship between visual stress and dyslexia by comparing the reading performance of dyslexic and non‐dyslexic adults with, and without, colour. Degree of susceptibility to visual stress was determined by means of a symptom rating scale. Optimal colour was determined using an Intuitive Colorimeter, which was also employed to assess reading speed under the two experimental conditions. Only the dyslexic students with high visual stress showed significant gains in reading speed when using optimal colour. The use of response to treatment (rather than symptomatology) as a diagnostic criterion for visual stress is questioned, especially when applied to adults, as this may give misleading findings. On the basis of reported symptomatology, students who experience high levels of visual stress are more likely to show improvements in reading rate with optimal colour if they also have dyslexia than if they do not have dyslexia. Although not establishing an aetiological link, these findings imply an interaction between the two conditions with major implications for theory, diagnosis and treatment.  相似文献   

Virtual Reality: a Tool for Preservice Science Teachers to Put Theory into Practice     

Lamb  Richard  Etopio  Elisabeth A. 《Journal of Science Education and Technology》2020,29(4):573-585

Journal of Science Education and Technology - The purpose of the present study was to investigate, compare, and characterize interactive VR-based preservice science teacher clinical teaching...  相似文献   

Adolescents' perceptions of attachments to their mothers and fathers in families with histories of domestic violence: a longitudinal perspective     

Sternberg KJ  Lamb ME  Guterman E  Abbott CB  Dawud-Noursi S 《Child abuse & neglect》2005,29(8):853-869

OBJECTIVE: The effects of both childhood and teenage experiences of domestic violence on adolescent-parent attachments were examined. METHOD: Israeli adolescents (M = 15.9 years) who were either victims of physical abuse, witnesses of physical spouse abuse, victims and witnesses of abuse, or neither victims nor witnesses of abuse were questioned about attachments to their parents using the Inventory of Parent and Peer Attachment [IPPA; Armsden, G. C., & Greenberg, M. T. (1987). The inventory of parent and peer attachment: Individual differences and their relationship to psychological well-being in adolescence. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 16, 427-454]. FINDINGS: Abuse status 5 years earlier was unrelated to the adolescents' current perceptions of their attachments whereas current abuse status predicted the adolescents' perceptions of attachment to their mothers. Adolescents who were victims of physical abuse reported weaker attachments to their parents than adolescents who were not abused or who had solely witnessed interparental physical abuse. Attachments to mothers were weaker whether or not mothers were the perpetrators of abuse. CONCLUSIONS: These findings suggest that victimization adversely affects children's perceptions of relationships with their parents, but that changes in the exposure to family violence are associated with changes in relationships with parents. These findings suggest that intervention can have positive effects on parent-child relationships despite violent histories.  相似文献   

The use and misuse of pleasure in sex education curricula     

Sharon Lamb  Kara Lustig  Kelly Graling 《Sex education》2013,13(3):305-318

Since Michelle Fine's writing on the missing discourse of desire in sex education, there has been considerable prompting among sexuality educators and feminist scholars to incorporate talk of pleasure into sex education curricula. While the calls for inclusion continue, few have actually examined the curricula for a pleasure discourse or explored how it is contextualised within sex education curricula. In this paper, we analysed curricula used in the USA in the past decade. A qualitative thematic analysis revealed that the discourse around pleasurable sex was often linked to a range of dangerous or negative outcomes including not using condoms, rushing into sex without thinking, regretted sex, and pregnancy or STDs. When the discourse around pleasure was included in sections on ‘knowing one's body’, this discourse took a medicalised, scientific tone. Pleasurable sex was also presented in more positive ways, either linked to marriage in Abstinence Only Until Marriage curricula, or within a more feminist discourse about female pleasure in comprehensive sex education curricula. Our research indicates that a discourse of desire is not missing, but that this discourse was often situated as part of a discourse on safe practice and there, continues to equate pleasure with danger.  相似文献   

Memorial: The Social Construction of Rob Kling     

Roberta Lamb 《The Information Society》2013,29(3):195-196

Abstract

This paper summarizes the concept of privacy, reviews some of its underlying tenets and axioms, illustrates the drift toward a national counterprivacy posture in terms of events involving the Social Security number (SSN), and discusses new faces in terms of three case histories: the California action to require SSNs on driver's licenses, the effort by telephone companies to introduce calling number identification, and the aggregation of public records into dossier databases. Remedial actions by government and legislators are suggested.  相似文献   

Age and Sex Differences among Adolescent Participants in Nine Outdoor Recreation Activities     

John L. Crompton  Charles W. Lamb Jr.  Charles W. Lamb Jr. 《Research quarterly for exercise and sport》2013,84(4):589-598

Responses of 2,760 junior and senior high school students regarding their participation in nine outdoor recreation activities were used to assess the relationships between age, sex, and adolescent outdoor recreation patterns. Analysis of variance revealed that the age variable was statistically significant for eight of the nine activities at the .01 level. The sex variable was significant at the .01 level for five of the nine activities. The findings support previous researchers' conclusions that many traditionally male activities are no longer dominated by males. Differences in outdoor recreation participation among different age groups, within the adolescent life-cycle stage, suggest that it may be inappropriate for recreation opportunity providers to view adolescence as a homogeneous life-cycle stage.  相似文献   

Concurrent validity and test–retest reliability of a global positioning system (GPS) and timing gates to assess sprint performance variables     

Mark Waldron  Paul Worsfold  Craig Twist  Kevin Lamb 《Journal of sports sciences》2013,31(15):1613-1619

Abstract

There has been no previous investigation of the concurrent validity and reliability of the current 5 Hz global positioning system (GPS) to assess sprinting speed or the reliability of integrated GPS–accelerometer technology. In the present study, we wished to determine: (1) the concurrent validity and reliability of a GPS and timing gates to measure sprinting speed or distance, and (2) the reliability of proper accelerations recorded via GPS–accelerometer integration. Nineteen elite youth rugby league players performed two over-ground sprints and were simultaneously assessed using GPS and timing gates. The GPS measurements systematically underestimated both distance and timing gate speed. The GPS measurements were reliable for all variables of distance and speed (coefficient of variation [CV] = 1.62% to 2.3%), particularly peak speed (95% limits of agreement [LOA] = 0.00 ± 0.8 km · h^?1; CV = 0.78%). Timing gates were more reliable (CV = 1% to 1.54%) than equivalent GPS measurements. Accelerometer measurements were least reliable (CV = 4.69% to 5.16%), particularly for the frequency of proper accelerations (95% LOA = 1.00 ± 5.43; CV = 14.12%). Timing gates and GPS were found to reliably assess speed and distance, although the validity of the GPS remains questionable. The error found in accelerometer measurements indicates the limits of this device for detecting changes in performance.  相似文献   

Special Educational Needs has outlived its usefulness: a debate     

Dr Tom Williams  Brian Lamb  Brahm Norwich  Lorraine Peterson 《Journal of Research in Special Educational Needs》2009,9(3):199-217

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Publication Patterns of Counselor Educators at Comprehensive Universities     

Gregory Hatchett  Hallie Sylvestro  Susannah Coaston 《Counselor Education & Supervision》2020,59(1):32-45

The authors examined the publication patterns of 821 counselor educators across 174 comprehensive universities for the years 2008 through 2017. Nearly half of the sample did not have any journal article publications, and the median number of publications was 1. Several institutional variables were useful for predicting article publication counts.  相似文献   

The cubicle warrior: the marionette of digitalized warfare     

Lambèr Royakkers  Rinie van Est 《Ethics and Information Technology》2010,12(3):289-296

In the last decade we have entered the era of remote controlled military technology. The excitement about this new technology should not mask the ethical questions that it raises. A fundamental ethical question is who may be held responsible for civilian deaths. In this paper we will discuss the role of the human operator or so-called ‘cubicle warrior’, who remotely controls the military robots behind visual interfaces. We will argue that the socio-technical system conditions the cubicle warrior to dehumanize the enemy. As a result the cubicle warrior is morally disengaged from his destructive and lethal actions. This challenges what he should know to make responsible decisions (the so-called knowledge condition). Nowadays and in the near future, three factors will influence and may increase the moral disengagement even further due to the decrease of locus of control orientation: (1) photo shopping the war; (2) the moralization of technology; (3) the speed of decision-making. As a result, cubicle warriors cannot be held reasonably responsible anymore for the decisions they make.  相似文献