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Tal Gilead 《Journal of Philosophy of Education》2012,46(1):113-131
Over the last few decades, the idea that education should function to promote economic progress has played a major role in shaping educational policy. So far, however, philosophers of education have shown relatively little interest in analysing this notion and its implications. The present article critically examines, from a philosophical perspective, the link between education and the currently prevailing understanding of economic progress, which is grounded in human capital theory. A number of familiar philosophical objections to the idea that economic progress is a worthy educational aim are raised, but it is held that many of these objections stem from a partial understanding of economic theory. The article then moves on to investigate the foundations of human capital theory's conception of economic progress. It is argued that there are inherent tensions between the philosophical foundations of the economist's conception of progress and the very essence of education. The article concludes by suggesting that in order to resolve these tensions we should consider grounding the economic theory that guides educational policy‐making in an intersubjective or objective conception of welfare. 相似文献
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This interpretive study of learning environments involved two groups of Israeli science teachers who participated in courses and implemented field trips as part of sciencetechnologysociety (STS) education and under the framework of general system theory. The different groups of preservice and experienced teachers were selected in order to provide diverse perspectives on learning environments associated with the enactment of field trips as enrichment for the science classroom. The article describes the field trip programs and provides examples of how teachers in different stages of their professional development perceive the content, learning activities and problem solving as characteristics of the learning environment. The learning environment categories identified under the content characteristic were interest, interdisciplinary, innovation, difficulty, and contexualising. Under the activity characteristic were autonomy, involvement, collaboration, interaction, effectiveness and concretisation. Under problem solving were identified interaction, availability of resources, teacher support and democracy. The teachers' perceptions of the experienced learning environment were diverse and the categories described provide a framework of planning improvement in the content domain as well as in the enactment process of the field trip planned according to the principles of the general system theory. 相似文献
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In light of systematic evidence that extroverts are disadvantaged in the classroom, we examined whether an online environment assignment that builds on extroverts' character strengths can increase their overall course satisfaction. Based on previous studies demonstrating that extroverts are energized by feedback from outsiders, we asked 180 students to blog regarding classroom material with the aim of attracting maximum attention from strangers. The questionnaires completed at the beginning of the course confirmed that extroverts believed, significantly more so than introverts, that outsiders would be interested in what they have to say, illustrating the potential of such task. The questionnaires completed at the end of the course (N?=?109), however, revealed that participants expressed disappointment with their ability to attract attention to their blogs. Follow-up interviews revealed that students liked the nature of the assignment but not the platform. Most of them suggested using more extrovert-friendly platforms in the future. 相似文献
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This study focused on field trips to natural environments where the teacher plays a secondary role alongside a professional guide. We investigated teachers’ and field trip guides’ views of the teacher’s role, the teacher’s actual function on the field trip, and the relationship between them. We observed field trips, interviewed teachers and guides, and administered questionnaires. We found different levels of teacher involvement, ranging from mainly supervising and giving technical help, to high involvement especially in the cognitive domain and sometimes in the social domain. Analysis of students’ self-reported outcomes showed that the more students believe their teachers are involved, the higher the self-reported learning outcomes. 相似文献
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Revital T. Tal 《Learning Environments Research》2001,4(3):353-354
Volume Contents
Volume contents 相似文献68.
Marc H. Bornstein Catherine S. Tamis-LeMonda Joseph Tal Pamela Ludemann Sueko Toda Charles W. Rahn Marie-Germaine Pêcheux Hiroshi Azuma Danya Vardi 《Child development》1992,63(4):808-821
This study examines and compares prominent characteristics of maternal responsiveness to infant activity during home-based naturalistic interactions of mother-infant dyads in New York City, Paris, and Tokyo. Both culture-general and culture-specific patterns of responsiveness emerged. For example, in all 3 locales infants behaved similarly, mothers also behaved similarly with respect to a hierarchy of response types, and mothers and infants manifest both specificity and mutual appropriateness in their interactions: Mothers responded to infants' exploration of the environment with encouragement to the environment, to infants' vocalizing nondistress with imitation, and to infants' vocalizing distress with nurturance. Differences in maternal responsiveness among cultures occurred to infant looking rather than to infant vocalizing and in mothers' emphasizing dyadic versus extradyadic loci of interaction. Universals of maternal responsiveness, potential sources of cultural variation, and implications of similarities and differences in responsiveness for child development in different cultural contexts are discussed. 相似文献
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What teaching practices foster inquiry and promote students to learn challenging subject matter in urban schools? Inquiry‐based instruction and successful inquiry learning and teaching in project‐based science (PBS) were described in previous studies (Brown & Campione, 1990 ; Crawford, 1999 ; Krajcik, Blumenfeld, Marx, Bass, & Fredricks, 1998 ; Krajcik, Blumenfeld, Marx, & Solloway, 1994 ; Minstrell & van Zee, 2000 ). In this article, we describe the characteristics of inquiry teaching practices that promote student learning in urban schools. Teaching is a major factor that affects both achievement of and attitude of students toward science (Tamir, 1998 ). Our involvement in reform in a large urban district includes the development of suitable learning materials and providing continuous and practiced‐based professional development (Fishman & Davis, in press; van Es, Reiser, Matese, & Gomez, 2002 ). Urban schools face particular challenges when enacting inquiry‐based teaching practices like those espoused in PBS. In this article, we describe two case studies of urban teachers whose students achieved high gains on pre‐ and posttests and who demonstrated a great deal of preparedness and commitment to their students. Teachers' attempts to help their students to perform well are described and analyzed. The teachers we discuss work in a school district that strives to bring about reform in mathematics and science through systemic reform. The Center for Learning Technologies in Urban Schools (LeTUS) collaborates with the Detroit Public Schools to bring about reform in middle‐school science. Through this collaboration, diverse populations of urban‐school students learn science through inquiry‐oriented projects and the use of various educational learning technologies. For inquiry‐based science to succeed in urban schools, teachers must play an important role in enacting the curriculum while addressing the unique needs of students. The aim of this article is to describe patterns of good science teaching in urban school. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Res Sci Teach 43: 722–745, 2006 相似文献
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Chinese international students make up the largest number of international students in the United States. They face many stressors that may impact their mental health, such as language barriers, social isolation, academic and financial pressures, and acculturation stress. Yet, there is limited guidance on case conceptualization and treatment models for Chinese international students in university counseling center settings. We present a case report of a 19-year-old, first-year, female undergraduate student from China to illustrate a comprehensive approach for the mental health treatment of Chinese international students. Based on our understanding of the interaction between the student and her influencing environment from a multicultural and ecological vantage point, we intervened on a systems level to achieve a favorable outcome. Our interventions included a multidisciplinary team approach with a student-centered perspective, and advocacy on an individual and organizational level. We conclude with suggested guidelines for the treatment of Chinese international students. 相似文献