Studies Reported by the Clearinghouse for Research in Child Life, 1948–51     

B. Everard Blanchard 《Research quarterly for exercise and sport》2013,84(2)

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Leaving a Choice for Others: Children’s Evaluations of Considerate,Socially-Mindful Actions     

Xin Zhao  Xuan Zhao  Hyowon Gweon  Tamar Kushnir 《Child development》2021,92(4):1238-1253

People value those who act with others in mind even as they pursue their own goals. Across three studies (N = 566; 4- to 6-year-olds), we investigated children’s developing understanding of such considerate, socially-mindful actions. By age 6, both U.S. and Chinese children positively evaluate a character who takes a snack for herself in a way that leaves a snack choice for others over a character who leaves no choice (Study 1), but only when the actors had alternative possible actions (Study 2) and when a clear beneficiary was present (Study 3). These results suggest an emerging ability to infer underlying social intentions from self-oriented actions, providing insights into the role of social-cognitive capacities versus culture-specific norms in children’s moral evaluations.  相似文献   

Infant-directed speech does not always involve exaggerated vowel distinctions: Evidence from Danish     

Christopher Cox  Christina Dideriksen  Tamar Keren-Portnoy  Andreas Roepstorff  Morten H. Christiansen  Riccardo Fusaroli 《Child development》2023,94(6):1672-1696

This study compared the acoustic properties of 26 (100% female, 100% monolingual) Danish caregivers' spontaneous speech addressed to their 11- to 24-month-old infants (infant-directed speech, IDS) and an adult experimenter (adult-directed speech, ADS). The data were collected between 2016 and 2018 in Aarhus, Denmark. Prosodic properties of Danish IDS conformed to cross-linguistic patterns, with a higher pitch, greater pitch variability, and slower articulation rate than ADS. However, an acoustic analysis of vocalic properties revealed that Danish IDS had a reduced or similar vowel space, higher within-vowel variability, raised formants, and lower degree of vowel discriminability compared to ADS. None of the measures, except articulation rate, showed age-related differences. These results push for future research to conduct theory-driven comparisons across languages with distinct phonological systems.  相似文献