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Taru Eskelinen 《International journal for the advancement of counseling》1992,15(4):263-271
The present study concerns counselling lessons in the final grade of Finnish comprehensive school. It focuses on the relevance of counselling lessons to the students on the basis of their personal assessments. Methodologically, the issues at stake centre around the simultaneous examination of the classroom setting from the point of view of different participants.The methods employed are the so called stimulated recall interview and the content analysis of qualitative interview data. The observations presented are based on interviews of guidance counsellors and of their students after the lessons, which dealt with work and students' future choices.According to the observations, the students' perceptions on the relevance of the lessons varied to a major degree. Most of them regarded them as easy and routine school work. Also the interpretations of the teacher and the students differed in many aspects. In particular, only a minority of the students shared the teachers' views about the aims of the lesson.In general, the implications of the study for career education are fairly obvious. If it is organized as an ordinary classroom activity, students are inclined not to consider it to be personally relevant to them. 相似文献
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The degree of compatibility between defensive responding and leverpress topography was investigated. Rats were trained to leverpress on a Sidman avoidance schedule for one 60-min session. Measures of defensive responding (jumping and rearing) were recorded during initial training. Shock intensity (.5, 1.0, and 2.0 mA) and S-S interval (1, 3, and 5 sec) were varied in Experiment 1. S-S interval had no effect on defensive responding or on performance. Rate of jumping was an increasing function of intensity only at lower intensities. Both jumping and rearing were significantly correlated with leverpressing. Shock intensity (1.0 and 2.0 mA) and lever position (3.02 and 16.83 cm) were varied in Experiment 2. Response rate was an increasing function of intensity at the high lever position but not at the low position. Correlations between rearing and leverpressing, and between jumping and leverpressing, were not significant for either lever position. Bolles’ (1970) theory of species-specific defense reactions was invoked to account for initial facilitated performance. 相似文献
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This paper is a study of the bending-torsional flutter of a cantilevered wing subjected to a follower force, and containing a lumped mass, at the free end. In addition, a distributed aerodynamic loading is introduced along the wing. This results in a set of nonself-adjoint differential equations with variable, complex coefficients whose solutions are obtainable only in series form. Using the Frobenius method, a direct procedure is employed which retains the exact expression of the Theodorsen function and the unknown coefficients are evaluated on a computer which numerically converge to any prescribed accuracy. It is found that, as a result of the interaction of the two sources of non-conservative loadings, the follower force reduces considerably the critical speed of flows in all cases studied. An increase in the tip mass, however, has a stabilizing influence. The effect of structural damping is also examined and it is shown that internal damping forces may have pronounced influences on the flutter speed of the system. 相似文献
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This article examines the digital divide in terms of access and the cultural use purposes of the Internet in Finland, the United Kingdom, and Greece. The analysis is based on data from Finnish, British, and Greek sections of Eurobarometer collected in 2013 (N = 3,009). Separate measures for class and status are applied in the analysis. The findings indicate that both access to and use of the Internet for cultural purposes are affected by a number of interdependent factors, whose effects and strengths vary significantly among the countries. 相似文献