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排序方式: 共有229条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
81.
This pilot study proposes a set of analytical steps for comparing schools that participate in the National Science Foundation's Math and Science Partnership (MSP) Program and their nonparticipating peers in the same state. This pilot is part of a larger effort to evaluate the MSP Program's role in student achievement, with two companion analyses. Although our pilot study uses a comparative approach, the study by Dimitrov in this issue follows a within-group design. The third analysis by Yin and his associates in this issue covers the varied designs used by the MSPs themselves in their own evaluations. In this pilot, we focus on a sample of participating schools in one MSP in one state. The nonparticipating schools were carefully matched with the program participating schools on eight demographic variables to form a comparison group. This article offers detailed documentation on how we operationalize two matching methods for comparative purpose. We conclude that carefully executed matching methods are promising for large scale comparative analysis on the effects of the MSP Program across different states. 相似文献
82.
Ted Polglaze Brian Dawson Alec Buttfield Peter Peeling 《Journal of sports sciences》2018,36(2):140-148
The purpose of this study was to ascertain the typical metabolic power characteristics of elite men’s hockey, and whether changes occur within matches and throughout an international tournament. National team players (n = 16), divided into 3 positional groups (strikers, midfielders, defenders), wore Global Positioning System devices in 6 matches. Energetic (metabolic power, energy expenditure) and displacement (distance, speed, acceleration) variables were determined, and intensity was classified utilising speed, acceleration and metabolic power thresholds. Midfielder’s average metabolic power (11.8 ± 1.0 W · kg?1) was similar to strikers (11.1 ± 1.3 W · kg?1) and higher than defenders (10.8 ± 1.2 W · kg?1, P = 0.001). Strikers (29.71 ± 3.39 kJ · kg?1) expended less energy than midfielders (32.18 ± 2.67 kJ · kg?1, P = 0.014) and defenders (33.23 ± 3.96 kJ · kg?1, P < 0.001). Energetic variables did not change between halves or across matches. Across all positions, over 45% of energy expenditure was at high intensity (>20 W · kg?1). International hockey matches are intense and highly intermittent; however, intensity is maintained throughout matches and over a tournament. In isolation, displacement measures underestimate the amount of high-intensity activity, whereas the integration of instantaneous speed and acceleration provides a more comprehensive assessment of the demands for variable-speed activity typically occurring in hockey matches. 相似文献
83.
Tove Faber Frandsen 《Journal of Informetrics》2009,3(2):124-133
The use of scholarly publications that have not been formally published in e.g. journals is widespread in some fields. In the past they have been disseminated through various channels of informal communication. However, the Internet has enabled dissemination of these un-published and often unrefereed publications to a much wider audience. This is particularly interesting seen in relation to the highly disputed open access advantage as the potential advantage for low visibility publications has not been given much attention in the literature. The present study examines the role of working papers in economics during a 10-year period (1996–2005). It shows that working papers are increasingly becoming visible in the field specific databases. The impact of working papers is relatively low; however, high impact working paper series have citation rate levels similar to the low impact journals in the field. There is no tendency to an increase in impact during the 10 years which is the case for the high impact journals. Consequently, the result of this study does not provide evidence of an open access advantage for working papers in economics. 相似文献
84.
85.
On native ground: memoirs and impressions. Jim Barnes, Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 1997, 279 pages, $27.95 (hardcover). ISBN 0–8061–2898–4. Caucasia. Danzy Senna, New York: Putnam Publishing Group, 1998, 353 pages, $24.95 (hardcover). ISBN 1–5732–2091–4. Boyhood, Growing Up Male: A Multicultural Anthology (2nd ed.). Franklin Abbott (Ed.), Madison: University of Wisconsin Press, 1998, 279 pages, $15.95 (softcover). ISBN 0–2991–5754–7. Readings in African Popular Culture. Karin Barber (Ed.), Bloomington, IN: International African Institute in association with Indiana University Press, 1997, 192 pages plus index, $18.95 (soft‐cover), $45.00 (clothcover). ISBN 0–2532–1140–9 (softcover); 0–2533–3294‐X (clothcover). For orders, phone 1–800–842–6796. 相似文献
86.
A number of scholars have argued that Catholicism is a barrierto gender equality in western Europe. The explanations for thisrelationship have usually focused on historical events and trends,which should result in a contextual effect, and on current churchdoctrine, which should affect individual level attitudes. Inthis paper, we test the importance of the individual and contextualeffects of Catholicism. We find individual Catholics are lesssupportive of gender equality than non-Catholics. Once we controlfor individual religious affiliation, however, we find thatthose in predominantly Catholic countries are more egalitarianthan those in predominantly Protestant ones. We conclude thatthis unusual result is due to the effects of minority religiousstatusProtestants in predominantly Catholic countriesare more egalitarian than Protestants in Protestant countries,and Catholics in Protestant countries are less egalitarian thanthose in Catholic countries. 相似文献
87.
FOR THE GOOD OF OTHERS: CENSORSHIP AND THE THIRD-PERSON EFFECT 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Rojas Hernando; Shah Dhavan V.; Faber Ronald J. 《Int. Journal of Public Opinion Research》1996,8(2):163-186
The third person effect hypothesis, which states that individualsexposed to a mass media messaage will expect the communicationto have a greater effect on others than on themselves, may helpto explain the growing trend in support of media censorship.It is suggested here that overestimating the effect of mediaon others may play an important role in the forces underlyinga willingness to restrict various types of communication. Toexamine this relationship, this study focused on the discrepancybetween perceived media effects on others and self, and itsrelation to pro-censorship attitudes within three major topics:the media in general, violence on television, and pornography.The results of this study support the existence of the third-personeffect in mass communication. The findings also indicate thatas the gap between perceived firstand third-person effects increases,individuals are more likely to manifest pro-censorship attitudes.This relationship remained for all three topics even when avariety of potentially confounding demographic, media use, andattitudinal variables were controlled. The data also suggestthat for pornography the effects gap is related to a willingnessto act in favor of censoring. 相似文献
88.
Flynn (1991) proposed that students from Asian cultural backgrounds typically achieve at higher levels than non-Asian students with the same IQs. This study investigated relationships between IQ, study time, educational and occupational aspirations, and academic achievement among Australian school children ( n = 160) from Chinese, Vietnamese and Anglo-Celtic backgrounds. Mathematics grades for Chinese and Vietnamese Australian children were higher. They spent more time studying and were more likely to desire an occupation requiring tertiary qualifications than Anglo-Celtic Australian peers. Consistent with Flynn's hypothesis, students from Asian backgrounds obtained higher mathematics grades than their Anglo-Celtic Australian peers with the same IQ. However, study and occupational aspirations formed only part of a more complex socio-cultural package that contributed to group achievement differences. Parents' support for studying and aspirations may interact with these factors to produce high achievement. 相似文献
89.
Reflecting on Scientific Thinking: Children's Understanding of the Hypothesis-Evidence Relation 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:1
3 experiments were carried out to examine children's understanding of the role of covariation evidence in hypothesis formation. Previous research suggested that it is not until 8 to 11 years of age that children begin to understand how a given pattern of covariation supports a particular hypothesis about which factor is causally responsible for an observed effect. Experiments 1 to 3 employed a different (fake evidence) technique than previous research and showed that by 6 years of age most children understand how evidence would lead a story character to form a different hypothesis than the subject's own. Experiment 3 showed that most 6- and young 7-year-olds understand how a character's future actions (e.g., choice of an object) and predictions of future outcomes depend on the hypothesis he or she holds. 相似文献
90.
Summary This examination of electronic encyclopedias has led to several interesting observations that may be made for each encyclopedia.
TheCompton’s product is considered to be the product most accessible by lower level elementary school students. Its audio and visual features
are considered most important for purchase decision-making and turn out to be the most useful features after the purchase.
BothWorld Book andGrolier’s are comparable in the suggestion of a minimum grade level appropriate for use (at the fourth or fifth grade levels), suggesting
that reading is not the only ability needed to operate either product to its fullest extent. For bothWorld Book andGrolier’s, the boolean searching, keyword searching, quick reference and quality of the screen display features were important purchase
considerations. Hardware compatibility and price, while rated important, may prove to be the factors that determine whether
an electronic encyclopedia is purchased at all (since all products evaluated were roughly the same price and all ran on IBM
hardware). The majority ofWorld Book users considered only the dictionary feature to be useful after purchase.Grolier’s users considered boolean and keyword searching, menu searching, and help screens to be most useful. 相似文献