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Terje Dalen Rolf Petter Ingvaldsen Truls Valland Roaas Arve Vorland Pedersen Ingebrigt Steen Tore Kristian Aune 《European Journal of Sport Science》2017,17(4):482-487
Physical education (PE) is perhaps the school subject most likely to produce relative age effects (RAE). Like in sports, physical maturity gives students an advantage in PE, which might well be mistaken for superior ability. The aim of the present study is to investigate the extent to which physical growth, measured as height, and RAE reflect the assessment in Norwegian PE. Furthermore, we wanted to examine whether there is any gender differences in the assessment in PE as a function of physical growth and RAE. The participants (n?=?2978) were pupils in the last three years of secondary school (13–16 years old). A custom-made questionnaire was designed to collect the necessary data. The correlations between height and mark in PE for boys in 8th, 9th, and 10th grades are respectively r?=?0.14, r?=?0.32, and r?=?0.29. For girls, the correlations are r?=?0.11, r?=?0.33, and r?=?0.21. All correlations are significant (p?<?.05). The number of pupils achieving top marks was 114 in the first half of the year, whereas it was 65 in the second half of the year. The present study showed that physical growth has an impact on the pupils’ PE attainment. The physical growth is of course also mediated by the pupils’ age. RAEs were found in PE attainments also in the Norwegian school system for both genders, despite all the intentions expressed in the PE curriculum. 相似文献
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In humans, effortful cognitive processing frequently takes place during social interaction, with eye contact being an important component. This study shows that the effect of eye contact on memory for nonsocial information is different in children with typical development than in children with autism, a disorder of social communication. Direct gaze facilitated memory performance in children with typical development (n = 25, 6 years old), but no such facilitation was seen in the clinical group (n = 10, 6 years old). Eye tracking conducted during the cognitive test revealed strikingly similar patterns of eye movements, indicating that the results cannot be explained by differences in overt attention. Collectively, these findings have theoretical significance and practical implications for testing practices in children. 相似文献
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Ole-johan Eikeland Terje Manger 《International Review of Education/Internationale Zeitschrift für Erziehungswissenschaft/Revue internationale l'éducation》1992,38(5):489-503
This article focuses on Norwegian students' achievement and adjustment in their first university semesters. A survey showed a positive correlation between success in upper secondary school and success at university. The study also showed that to have good organised study habits had a positive effect on self-confidence during the students' first semester, but the organised study habits did not, surprisingly, have a direct influence on grades in this semester. The effect on grades emerged as late as in their fourth semester. The article shows that increasing the amount of study hours does not automatically contribute positively to achievement. Comments made by students during interview indicated that successful students were more actively involved with the course and in their studies as a whole, than the unsuccessful students.
Zusammenfassung Dieser Artikel konzentriert sich auf die Leistungen norwegischer Studenten und ihre Eignung in den ersten Semestern des Hochschulstudiums. Eine Studie zeigte positive Beziehungen zwischen Erfolg in der weiterführenden Sekundärschule und Erfolg im Studium an der Universität. Die Studie machte außerdem deutlich, daß gut organisierte Lernmethoden beim Studium einen positiven Einfluß auf das Selbstbewußtsein der Studenten im ersten Semester hatten, während sich überraschenderweise jedoch kein Einfluß auf die Noten in diesem Semester zeigte. Eine Auswirkung auf die Noten stellte sich erst im vierten Semester heraus. Der Artikel weist außerdem darauf hin, daß sich eine Erhöhung der Lernstunden nicht automatisch günstig auf die Leistungen auswirkt. Von den Studenten abgegebene Erklärungen während der Befragungen deuteten darauf hin, daß erfolgreiche Studenten aktiver an den Kursen und ihrem Studium insgesamt beteiligt waren als nicht erfolgreiche Studenten.
Résumé Cet article porte sur le rendement des étudiants norvégiens et leur adaptation au cours des premiers semestres à l'université. Une étude a montré une corrélation positive entre le succès dans l'enseignement secondaire et le succès à l'université. Cette étude a, par ailleurs, révélé que le fait d'avoir des habitudes d'étude bien organisées a un effet positif sur la confiance en soi des étudiants en premier semestre, mais que ces bonnes habitudes n'ont pas, de manière suprenante, d'influence directe sur les notes obtenues durant ce semestre. L'effet exercé sur les notes n'apparaît qu'au cours du quatrième semestre. Le présent article montre que l'augmentation du nombre d'heures d'étude ne contribue pas automatiquement à des résultats positifs. Les commentaires émis par les étudiants durant l'interview indiquent que ceux qui réussissent sont, dans l'ensemble, davantage engagés dans le programme et dans leurs études que ceux qui réussissent moins bien.相似文献
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The influence of arousal on visual attention was examined in 6.5-month-old infants (N = 42) in the context of a visual search task. Phasic increases in arousal were induced with brief sounds and measured with pupil dilation. Evidence was found for an inverted U-shaped relation between pupil dilation amplitude and visual orienting, with highest likelihood of a target fixation at intermediate levels of arousal. Effects were similar for facial stimuli and simple objects. Together, these results contribute to our understanding of the relation between arousal and attention in infancy. The study also demonstrates that infants have a bias to orient to human eyes, even when presented in isolation. 相似文献
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Imac Maria Zambrana Terje Ogden Henrik Daae Zachrisson 《Scandinavian Journal of Educational Research》2020,64(3):440-456
ABSTRACTLow academic achievements are predicted by early disadvantages. Because achievement gaps typically escalate with age, early efforts to prevent future academic disadvantages are called for. The current study examines whether exposure to structured pre-academic activities in Early Childhood Education and Care (ECEC) play a compensatory role for the early academic achievements in school (teacher ratings and screening tests of reading and math) of children who were at developmental (low receptive language), behavioral (high externalizing behavior and low effortful control) and socio-economic (low maternal education) risk in preschool. Using a sample of 934 children from the longitudinal Behavioral Outlook Developmental Study to examine between-school comparisons and within-school fixed effects models, findings suggest that preschoolers with externalizing behaviors may moderately benefit from structured pre-academic activities prior to school entry. However, it is concluded that this pre-academic boost is weak and may be limited to a short transition period from ECEC to school. 相似文献
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Terje?Bruen?OlsenEmail author Svein?Kyvik Elisabeth?Hovdhaugen 《Tertiary Education and Management》2005,11(4):299-316
This paper analyses the outcome of a reform of the academic career structure in Norway. From 1993 on, associate professors
can apply for promotion to full professorships on the basis of individual research competence irrespective of vacant professorships.
This has now become a more important way of attaining a full professorship than through competition with other applicants.
Only 30% of new professors are appointed the traditional way. The reform has led to a substantial increase in the number of
full professors in the university sector, from 37% of the tenured academic staff in 1991 to 47% in 2001. 相似文献
17.
The article describes the main outcomes of the intervention programme “Positive behaviour, interactions and learning environment in school” (PALS). PALS is an adapted Norwegian version of the School‐Wide Positive Behaviour Support model, developed in the United States with school‐wide interventions aiming at the prevention of behaviour problems and the promotion of social competence through a supportive learning environment. The effectiveness was evaluated with a quasi‐experimental design in four elementary schools, two years after implementation. An equal number of comparison schools were included in the study. Informants were students (n = 735) in third to seventh grade and teachers working at least 50% (n = 82). The immediate reductions in teacher‐observed problem behaviour ranged from moderate to large, while the results based on student ratings of social competence and classroom climate were less encouraging. Differential effects were found and implementation quality was together with teacher collective efficacy significantly related to better outcomes. The programme and results are discussed in relation to prior research, limitations of study design, and future implementation and research. 相似文献
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Terje Manger 《Scandinavian Journal of Educational Research》2013,57(3):257-269
The relationship between gender and mathematical achievement was investigated. The subjects were Norwegian elementary‐school third graders (440 girls and 480 boys). The boys had higher total test scores than the girls, but the effect size was small. On subskills, boys performed better than girls in numeracy, mental arithmetic and measurement problems. Marked differences between the sexes were found at the extreme tails of the distribution. Among the 10% scoring highest on numeracy, there were nearly twice as many boys as girls, while among the lowest 9% there were two and a half times as many girls as boys. 相似文献
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Manger Terje Hetland Jørn Jones Lise Øen Eikeland Ole Johan Asbjørnsen Arve E. 《International Review of Education/Internationale Zeitschrift für Erziehungswissenschaft/Revue internationale l'éducation》2020,66(4):551-574
International Review of Education - The study presented in this article explores prisoners’ academic motivation structure from the theoretical perspective of self-determination theory, using... 相似文献
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