Assessing Secondary School Students’ Justifications for Supporting or Rejecting a Scientific Hypothesis in the Physics Lab     

Ludwig  Tobias  Priemer  Burkhard  Lewalter  Doris 《Research in Science Education》2021,51(3):819-844

Research in Science Education - Justifications play a central role in argumentation, which is a core topic in school science education. This paper contributes to this field of research by...  相似文献   

Comprehension of Multiple Documents With Conflicting Information: A Two-Step Model of Validation     

Tobias Richter  Johanna Maier 《教育心理学家》2017,52(3):148-166

In this article, we examine the cognitive processes that are involved when readers comprehend conflicting information in multiple texts. Starting from the notion of routine validation during comprehension, we argue that readers' prior beliefs may lead to a biased processing of conflicting information and a one-sided mental model of controversial issues (text-belief consistency effect). An important distinction is that such biases occur routinely as a by-product of basic comprehension processes. However, readers can actively engage in strategies that work against the biasing effects of prior beliefs when they possess the relevant cognitive resources and are motivated to activate them. A review of published studies that examined belief effects in multiple text comprehension supports the two-step model of validation. We discuss implications of this model for multiple text comprehension and educational practice and delineate directions for future research.  相似文献   

Stress and Resources in Vocational Problem Solving     

Tobias Kärner  Nina Minkley  Andreas Rausch  Thomas Schley  Detlef Sembill 《Vocations and Learning》2018,11(3):365-398

By adapting the job demands-resources model of Demerouti et al. Journal of Applied Psychology, 86(3), 499–512, (2001) to vocational problem-solving situations, we aimed to investigate how, and to what extent, problem-solving demands and personal resources affect stress responses and task interest. Therefore, we used a problem-solving task from the business administration domain in a computer-based office simulation. We assigned 58 participants into two groups. The treatment group worked on the problem scenario, whereas the control group was instructed to inspect the computer-based scenario and to check the software’s usability without solving the problem. Problem-solving demands, perceived stress, task interest, cardiovascular parameters, and cortisol concentration were assessed before, during and after the task at several time points. The vocational problem-solving task was associated with perceived time pressure, uncertainty, mental effort, task difficulty, and perceived stress. In addition, we found higher heart rate and cortisol concentration and lower heart rate variability values in the treatment group (compared to the control group) at the end of the task. Furthermore, we found that content knowledge buffers the impact of problem-solving demands on stress responses and it maintains task interest under high mental effort. Overall, we found evidence that vocational problem-solving activities bear stress-evoking potential and personal resources may provide buffering and maintaining functions.  相似文献   

Exzellenz durch Internationalität     

Roland Bloch  Alexander Mitterle  Tobias Peter 《Zeitschrift für Erziehungswissenschaft》2016,19(4):727-744

Like excellence, internationality has evolved into a key concept for German universities. This article reconstructs the manifold genesis of internationality as a principle for stratificatory claims on the basis of science policy documents. At the levels of student exchange, researcher mobility, and university cooperation, three changes are elaborated upon: the transition from the medieval universitas of the nationes to the national university, the increasing competitive orientation of a concept of internationality based on cooperation and cultural exchange, and the transformation of internationality under the auspices of excellence. At the same time, it will be shown how international understanding, exchange, and competition as guiding principles of an internationalization discourse are enacted differently in varying historical contexts. It will be demonstrated that internationality as a sign of excellence becomes a strategy for universities to position themselves as superior in their respective fields.  相似文献   

Research Experience as a Component of Science and Mathematics Teacher Preparation     

Raphael  Jacqueline  Tobias  Sheila  Greenberg  Richard 《Journal of Science Teacher Education》1999,10(2):147-158

Journal of Science Teacher Education -  相似文献   

The Use of a Mobile Learning Tool by Medical Students in Undergraduate Anatomy and its Effects on Assessment Outcomes     

Nikola Golenhofen  Felix Heindl  Claudia Grab-Kroll  David A.C. Messerer  Tobias M. Böckers  Anja Böckers 《Anatomical sciences education》2020,13(1):8-18

Hand-held devices have revolutionized communication and education in the last decade. Consequently, mobile learning (m-learning) has become popular among medical students. Nevertheless, there are relatively few studies assessing students' learning outcomes using m-learning devices. This observational study presents an anatomy m-learning tool (eMed-App), an application developed to accompany an anatomy seminar and support medical students' self-directed learning of the skeletal system. Questionnaire data describe where, how frequently, and why students used the app. Multiple choice examination results were analyzed to evaluate whether usage of the app had an effect on test scores. The eMed-App application was used by 77.5% of the students, mainly accessed by Android smartphones, and at students' homes (62.2%) in order to prepare themselves for seminar sessions (60.8%), or to review learning content (67%). Most commonly, students logged on for less than 15 minutes each time (67.8%). Frequent app users showed better test results on items covering eMed-App learning content. In addition, users also achieved better results on items that were not related to the content of the app and, thus, gained better overall test results and lower failure rates. The top quartile of test performers used the eMed-App more frequently compared to students in lower quartiles. This study demonstrated that many students, especially the high-performing ones, made use of the eMed-App. However, the app itself did not result in better outcomes, suggesting that top students might have been more motivated to use the app than students who were generally weak in anatomy.  相似文献   

论B2B反向拍卖采购模式的选择     

丁志刚 《科技管理研究》2005,25(5):154-156,149

B2B在线反向拍卖作为一个有发展前途的重要的电子采购工具已经出现,目前的研究主要停留在案例分析上,迄今为止还没有人运用模型来系统的评估反向拍卖决策。本文填补了这方面的空白,提出了基于层次分析法的整数规划模型,通过该模型决策者可以评估运用反向拍卖技术是否是成本节约的和有效的。  相似文献   

Teaching high school science using image processing: A case study of implementation of computer technology     

Richard Greenberg  Jacqueline Raphael  Jill L. Keller  Sheila Tobias 《科学教学研究杂志》1998,35(3):297-327

An in-depth case study of teachers' use of image processing (a state-of-the-art computer technology used by research scientists) in biology, earth science, and physics classes within one high school science department explored issues surrounding technology implementation. The study, conducted within a districtwide, schoolwide, and classroom context, explored four areas related to the teacher's adoption of image processing: (a) teachers' background with computers outside of instructional use, (b) teachers' attitudes toward educational technology and insights gained from their experience using computers within the science curriculum, (c) training and perceived influence of district and school administrators, and (d) teachers' classroom and computer lab practices. The following factors were deemed critical in teachers' decision to use or not use image processing with their students: (a) time to thoroughly explore and master the technology so they could use it with students to explore science concepts; (b) classroom management skills specific to technology use; (c) perception of the teaching value of the technology; (d) perception of the reasonableness of administrators' expectations for technology use; and (e) understanding of how to implement inquiry-based science teaching, independent of technology issues. These factors have implications for how to help teachers use computer technology to teach high school science. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Res Sci Teach 35: 297–327, 1998.  相似文献   

Transition to school: The role of kindergarten children's behavior regulation     

Antje von Suchodoletz  Gisela Trommsdorff  Tobias Heikamp  Frank Wieber  Peter M. Gollwitzer   《Learning and individual differences》2009,19(4):561-566

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Dynamic assessment and its potential for the assessment of reading competence     

Tobias Dörfler  Stefanie Golke  Cordula Artelt 《Studies in Educational Evaluation》2009,35(2-3):77-82

This article describes the approach of dynamic assessment, focusing on general approaches as well as specific constraints for the assessment of reading competence. Starting with an overview of the literature on dynamic assessments within educational research, the framework of dynamic assessment in which the current level of competence and (domain-specific) learning ability are assessed, is discussed with regards to its methodological and diagnostic implications.Reading competence is introduced as a domain in which interventions prove successful, and as a domain principally suitable for the assessment of learning ability. Furthermore, it is discussed whether elaborated feedback given within the procedure of reading competence assessment does uncover a learning ability which is specific to the domain of reading competence or not.  相似文献