The rise and decline of the International Baccalaureate Diploma Programme in the United Kingdom     

Tristan Bunnell 《牛津教育评论》2013,39(3):387-403

The three main programmes of the Geneva-registered International Baccalaureate (IB) have grown substantially worldwide over the past decade, although the programmes have found a natural ‘home’ in the United States. This paper charts the growth of the IB in the United Kingdom (UK) revealing that involvement there, mainly in England and mainly with the original pre-university Diploma Programme (IBDP), peaked at about 230 schools in 2010, but since then the IBDP has begun suddenly to decline. Yet, in no other country has there been a fall in IBDP provision. This paper offers some key explanations for this phenomenon, where a lack of funding and continued lack of university recognition in the face of Advanced Level (A-Level) reform and numerous ‘baccalaureate’ developments has led to many state-funded schools in particular dropping the IBDP. Thirdly, this paper discusses a number of implications, both for the IB itself and education in the UK in general.  相似文献   

Clare Soper's hat: New Education Fellowship correspondence between Bloomsbury and New Zealand, 1938–1946     

Sue Middleton 《History of education》2013,42(1):92-114

Broadening horizons beyond nations, transnational histories trace global flows connecting people and places. Historians have studied the New Education Fellowship (NEF) as a global network. Focused within the nation, research on New Zealand's involvement with NEF has emphasised how its activities before the Second World War impacted on the Labour Government's postwar policies. This paper's focus is NEF's transnational networking during the war. While previous discussions of correspondence between NEF's Headquarters and New Zealand have emphasised its New Zealand side, my focus is on its London correspondent, Clare Soper, NEF's International Secretary. Historians have studied NEF's theorists, leaders and progressive teachers, but office staff who effected its circulation of texts, objects and people have not been researched. Locating Soper in her Bloomsbury Headquarters at the hub of NEF's global web, I trace what her correspondence with two New Zealand Branch Secretaries reveals about everyday operations of NEF as a wartime educational resistance movement.  相似文献   

Explicit instruction in the context of whole-tasks: the effectiveness of the task-centered instructional strategy in computer science education     

Rosenberg-Kima  Rinat B.  Merrill  M. David  Baylor  Amy L.  Johnson  Tristan E. 《Educational technology research and development : ETR & D》2022,70(5):1627-1655

Educational technology research and development - Novice programmers, who have yet to form effective mental models of the domain, often experience high cognitive load, low confidence, and high...  相似文献   

Changes in respiratory muscle and lung function following marathon running in man     

Emma Ross  Natalie Middleton  Rob Shave  Keith George  Alison McConnell 《Journal of sports sciences》2013,31(12):1295-1301

Abstract

Respiratory muscle fatigue has been reported following short bouts of high-intensity exercise, and prolonged, moderate-intensity exercise, as evidenced by decrements in inspiratory and expiratory mouth pressures. However, links to functionally relevant outcomes such as breathing effort have been lacking. The present study examined dyspnoea and leg fatigue during a treadmill marathon in nine experienced runners. Maximal inspiratory and expiratory pressure, peak inspiratory and expiratory flow, forced vital capacity, and forced expiratory volume in one second were assessed before, immediately after, and four and 24 hours after a marathon. During the run, leg effort was rated higher than respiratory effort from 18 through 42 km (P < 0.05). Immediately after the marathon, there were significant decreases in maximal inspiratory pressure and peak inspiratory flow (from 118 ± 20 cm H₂O and 6.3 ± 1.4 litres · s^?1 to 100 ± 22 cm H₂O and 4.9 ± 1.5 litres · s^?1 respectively; P < 0.01), while expiratory function remained unchanged. Leg maximum voluntary contraction force was significantly lower post-marathon. Breathing effort correlated significantly with leg fatigue (r = 0.69), but not inspiratory muscle fatigue. Our results confirm that prolonged moderate-intensity exercise induces inspiratory muscle fatigue. Furthermore, they suggest that the relative intensity of inspiratory muscle work during exercise makes some contribution to leg fatigue.  相似文献   

The International Baccalaureate in the USA and the emerging ‘culture war’   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

Tristan Bunnell 《Discourse: Studies in the Cultural Politics of Education》2009,30(1):61-72

The International Baccalaureate (IB) has undergone rapid growth and largely unhindered expansion over the past four decades. It has moved beyond its European nexus and the three IB programmes now have a relatively large presence in the USA, especially among public high schools. The IB gathered federal funding in 2003, and a concerted attack has subsequently emerged from a vast array of ultra-conservative agencies and commentators who denounce the curriculum as federal interference, and fundamentally ‘un-American’. This paper explores the complex nature of this ‘culture war’ and reveals the key issues and protagonists.  相似文献   

Argument, Persuasion and the Ironic Voice     

Ron Middleton 《English in Education》1990,24(1):68-76

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USING THE DAST-C TO EXPLORE COLOMBIAN AND BOLIVIAN STUDENTS�� IMAGES OF SCIENTISTS     

William Medina-Jerez  Kyndra V. Middleton  Walter Orihuela-Rabaza 《International Journal of Science and Mathematics Education》2011,9(3):657-690

The way in which students view science and its practitioners, particularly during their late elementary and early secondary grade levels, has been at the core of numerous studies dating back to research by Mead & Metraux (Science 126:384–390, 1957). In this study, we used the Draw-a-Scientist Test Checklist developed by Finson, Beaver & Cramond (Sch Sci Math 95(4):195–205, 1995) to explore and document Colombian and Bolivian students’ perceptions of scientists. Despite the wealth of information from years of study, there is a lack of research on images held by students in Latin American nations. This study involved Colombian and Bolivian students (N = 1,017) in 5th to 11th grades and was aimed at providing an original account of how these students picture scientists and science. Results suggest differences on how students perceive scientists based on nationality, grade and school type. We discuss how features may be associated with educational and socioeconomic status in each school community.  相似文献   

Universities and the post-2015 development agenda: an analytical framework     

Tristan McCowan 《Higher Education》2016,71(4):505-523

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Review of literature on the career transitions of performing artists pursuing career development     

Jerry C. Middleton  Jason A. Middleton 《International Journal for Educational and Vocational Guidance》2017,17(2):211-232

Few studies in the existent empirical literature explore the career transitions of performing artists. First, we provide working definitions of career transition and of a performing artist. Thereafter, we peruse empirical studies, from the 1980s onward, that delineate the career transition process in terms of three main types of transition: transitioning from training to professional work, transitioning due to voluntary or involuntary factors, and transitioning due to retirement. We examine the process and psychological consequences of these career transitions. We then discuss empirically informed ways by which performing artists cope with career transition, and conclude with considerations for future studies.  相似文献   

Reimagining Counselor Education with Diversity as a Core Value     

Holly A. Stadler  Suhyun Suh  Debra C. Cobia  Renee A. Middleton  Jamie S. Carney 《Counselor Education & Supervision》2006,45(3):193-206

To move diversity from the periphery of counselor preparation to its core requires effort beyond the 1 or 2 “special” courses that have been the mainstay of multicultural counselor education (T. E. Midgette & S. S. Meggert, 1991). The authors describe the processes and outcomes of a systemic reimagining of Auburn University's counselor education doctoral program, as well as community agency and school counseling master's‐degree programs that incorporate diversity as a core value. The development of diversity‐supportive department policies and procedures, curricular and cocurricular changes, and environmental considerations are discussed and evaluated.  相似文献