Individual Differences in Adapting to Three Different Tasks of Selecting Information from Texts     

Gonny L. M. Schellings  Bernadette H. A. M. Van Hout-Wolters  Jan D. Vermunt 《Contemporary educational psychology》1996,21(4):423-446

This study examined individual differences in selecting main points according to three types of tasks. In all, 133 students (10th-graders) participated. Each student studied three instructional texts, and each text was preceded by one instruction. In the linguistic task, the students had to underline the author's main points. In the educational task, students had to underline text elements considered to be important by a portrayed teacher. And in the interest task, interesting text fragments had to be underlined. The students were divided into five groups identified by a typical selection pattern. Only 24 students adjusted their selection of main points to each of the tasks (the adaptive group). This group differed in some study strategies and learning conceptions from the nonadaptive groups. In all, this study begins to give more insight into individual differences in selecting main points.  相似文献   

Database Problem Behavior: A Literature Retrieval System for Professionals Dealing with Problem Behaviours of Individuals with Intellectual Disabilities     

Pieter C. Duker  Robert Didden  Hubert Korzilius  Mark Van Acht  Paul Van Acht 《International Journal of Disability, Development & Education》1996,43(3):197-202

Knowledge of the literature among professionals in the area of problem behaviours and developmental disabilities is most likely soon out of date as several hundred useful studies appear each year. A literature database may be a useful tool for clinicians and researchers to conveniently retrieve needed information, preventing them from collecting, reading, processing, and storing all the available material. This report describes a database (i.e., Database Problem Behavior) encompassing information that goes far beyond presenting abstracts only. The third version of the database encompasses 885 empirical studies on the (functional) analysis, and behavioural and pharmacological treatment of problem behaviours (e.g., self‐injurious behaviour, aggressive behaviour, depression) for persons with developmental disabilities.  相似文献   

在全球化背景下发扬当今越南民族精神     

范文德 《华中科技大学学报(社会科学版)》2005,19(2):1-5

民族精神在民族的生存与发展取向中有着非常重要的作用。越南民族精神创造于越南整个历史过程并表现于越南文化传统的价值观中，它在越南为独立与民族解放而奋斗的过程中发挥了充分的作用。当前,民族精神对许多民族的改革与现代化至关重要。在全球化背景下，稳定保持与弘扬民族精神首先要保持与弘扬那些创造了民族文化同一性的传统价值观；其次要选择适宜于越南条件的模式，要积极地与世界融合，广泛参与与世界其他民族的对话，学习其精髓以丰富本民族的文化同一性。  相似文献   

“Springing from a sense of wonder”: classroom film and cultural learning in the 1930s     

Angelo Van Gorp 《Paedagogica Historica: International Journal of the History of Education》2017,53(3):285-299

Abstract

This article makes an “exercise in the archaeology of education” and focuses on the City of Birmingham (UK) in the year 1935 where the Education Committee allowed an experiment on the use of classroom film in senior elementary schools. Arrangements were made to provide projectors, films, operators, and screens for a series of exhibits at 80 schools. The aim of the experiment was to test the value of cinema for class teaching purposes. This article argues that this experiment with sound film could equally be considered an experiment in cultural learning. The first section describes the experiment and the local context in which it took place. The second section broadens the perspective by providing context beyond the local level that puts the experiment in time and place. The third and final section picks up on some of the findings of the first two sections and considers contemporary sources, mainly articles published in the British Film Institute’s film magazine Sight and Sound, as well as recent scholarship on both educational and documentary film in order to discuss the notions of “background” and “excursive” film and to show that the experiment was a genuine adventure in cultural learning.  相似文献   

Critical Viewing of Television News: the impact of a Dutch schools television project     

Marcel W. Vooijs  Tom H.A. Van Der Voort  Jacqueline Hoogeweij 《Learning, Media and Technology》1995,21(1):23-35

Using a quasi‐experimental pretest‐posttest control group design, the study investigated the educational effects of a six‐programme schools television series designed to teach children aged 10‐12 that television news broadcasts give a selective and thus subjective and incomplete impression of the news. Results indicated that the schools television series led to an increase in children's knowledge of the selection processes involved in the production of news programmes, and an increase in children's proficiency in recognizing the moments of selection in news items. However, the television series did not result in a decrease in the level of credibility children attribute to television news broadcasts. The reason for the latter finding probably is that the series showed that the makers of news programmes are conscious of the selection processes involved in making news programmes and do their utmost to make the choices in the most responsible way possible. As a result, the series may have unintentionally created the impression that the problem of selectivity can be satisfactorily solved.  相似文献   

Scripted schooling: determining when cultural retooling is worth the academic payoff     

Alma Nidia Garza  Jean Van Delinder 《British Journal of Sociology of Education》2020,41(4):490-506

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Implementation Effects of a Pre‐service Training Course for Secondary Education Teachers     

Simon Veenman  Jeska Bakermans  Yvonne Franzen  Masja Van Hoof 《Educational studies》1996,22(2):225-243

A quasi‐experimental, treatment‐control group investigation was designed to test the effects of a pre‐service training course for secondary education teachers. Previous findings from teacher effects research and cognitive strategy instruction were translated into two direct instructional models: a model of executive acting directed at well‐structured skills and a model of strategic acting directed at higher‐level thinking strategies. Pre‐ and post‐training comparison of classroom observations by trained observers revealed significantly more effective instruction by the student teachers after training. No treatment effect was found for pupil engagement rates. The ratings from the supervising teachers did not show significantly better use of the recommended instructional skills by the trained student teachers than by the untrained student teachers.  相似文献   

Factors which influence the well-being of pupils in flemish secondary schools     

Nadine Engels  Antonia Aelterman  Karen Van Petegem  Annemie Schepens 《Educational studies》2004,30(2):127-143

The Flemish government considers well-being of pupils as an important output indicator for the quality of education. The education inspectorate needed an instrument to measure this well-being in a school context, an instrument that should also be a basis for actions plans aimed at enhancing pupils' well-being. The development of this instrument is described in this article. A total of 342 pupils were interviewed. The material from these interviews was used for construction of—mainly Likert-type—items for a questionnaire. A pilot version of the questionnaire was examined by experts and tested with a random sample of 306 pupils. The experimental version was tried out on a random sample of 2054 pupils. This resulted in a questionnaire with four consistent scales and thirteen subscales. Significant differences between schools were found. Atmosphere at school, contacts with teachers, involvement in class and at school, school regulations and infrastructure were among the best predictors.  相似文献   

Second chance education for Maori school ‘dropouts’: A case-study of a community training centre in New Zealand     

Toon Van Meijl 《International Journal of Educational Development》1994,14(4)

This article provides an overview of an innovative development programme in the field of second chance education for young Maori people who for various social and cultural reasons have failed at school and who have consequently low aspirations and little expectations for the future. In order to improve their disadvantaged position within the European-dominated society of New Zealand the Community Training Centre discussed in this article has developed a new approach to education and training by attempting to empower trainees so that they become aware of alternatives and can make choices about their future.  相似文献   

Beyond additive and multiplicative reasoning abilities: how preference enters the picture     

Tine Degrande  Lieven Verschaffel  Wim Van Dooren 《European Journal of Psychology of Education - EJPE》2018,33(4):559-576

While previous studies mainly focused on children’s additive and multiplicative reasoning abilities, we studied third to sixth graders’ preference for additive or multiplicative relations. This was investigated by means of schematic problems that were open to both types of relations, namely arrow schemes containing three given numbers and a fourth missing one. In study 1, children had to fill out the missing number, while in study 2, children had to indicate all possibly correct answers among a set of given alternatives. Both studies explicitly showed the existence of a preference for additive relations in some children, while others preferred multiplicative relations. Mainly younger children preferred additive relations, whereas mainly children in upper primary education preferred multiplicative relations. Number ratios also impacted children’s preference, especially in fifth grade. Moreover, the results of study 2 provided evidence for the strength of children’s preference and showed that calculation skills do not coincide with preference, and hence, that preference and calculation skills are two distinct child characteristics. The results of both studies using these open problems resembled previous research results using classical multiplicative or additive word problems. This supports the hypothesis that children’s preferred type of relations may be at play in solving classical word problems as well—besides their abilities—and may hence be an additional factor explaining the mistakes that children make in those word problems. This research line thus seems promising for further research as well as educational practice.  相似文献