Competition,Concentration and Diversity in European Television Markets     

Richard?Van?Der?WurffEmail author 《Journal of Cultural Economics》2005,29(4):249-275

This study investigates how competition, concentration and public broadcasters influence diversity of programme supply in European television markets. It focuses on free, national generalist channels; studies programmes as provided throughout the day; and tests hypotheses with data on Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Italy, the Netherlands, Spain and the U.K. for the late 1980s and 1990s. It concludes that competition is moderate in most markets. Under these conditions, competition and concentration contribute to a diverse supply of programmes that mirrors audience demand, while public broadcasters increase diversity of supply above competitive market levels.  相似文献   

Using pencil‐and‐paper lexical‐decision tests to assess word decoding skill: aspects of validity and reliability     

Wim H.J. Van Bon  Lotje T.M. Hoevenaars  Joyce J. Jongeneelen 《Journal of Research in Reading》2004,27(1):58-68

The viability of a pencil‐and‐paper version of the lexical‐decision (LD) task to assess children's word decoding skill was investigated. Participants in this study were Dutch second and third graders. Lexical decision and oral reading appear to be highly correlated, in second grade more than in third grade. Retest reliability of the LD tests is sufficient, at least for screening purposes, to good. The correlation with tests designed to measure pencil‐and‐paper test‐taking skills shows that such skills at most play a minor role. Materials of different phonological and morphological structure caused systematic differences in score level, but a single factor suffices to explain common reading test variance. LD scores appear not to be particularly subject to inappropriate strategies.  相似文献   

Improvement of (didactical) assessment by improvement of problems: An attempt with respect to percentage     

Marja Van Den Heuvel-Panhuizen 《Educational Studies in Mathematics》1994,27(4):341-372

In recent attempts to reform assessment much attention is devoted to the formats of assessment and organizational aspects. Without good problems, however, it is impossible to improve assessment. This article focuses on the role of problems in the development of better assessment. An example of an attempt is given with respect to some key concepts and abilities on percentage. A series of problems for assessing these has been developed inspired by the ideas of Realistic Mathematics Education. The guiding principles were that problems should be meaningful and informative. The problems, which are rather different from the traditional kind have been tried out in two American grade 7 classes. The problems reveal a lot about the different levels of understanding of students. As such they can facilitate instructional decision making. Nevertheless it is clear that this is not the final stage of the search for better assessment problems. As a start to further developmental research, some recommendations will be given for the improvement of the problems.This article is a revised version of a paper presented at PME XVII in Japan (Van den Heuvel-Panhuizen, 1993b).  相似文献   

AMOS: an evaluation model for institutions of higher education     

Willem Van Os  Pieter J. D. Drenth  George F. Bernaert 《Higher Education》1987,16(3):243-256

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The Training of Headmasters: a Belgian (Flemish) Experiment     

Jan Van Daele 《欧洲师范教育杂志》1982,5(1-2):75-82

The article illustrates the development of Headmaster training in Flanders and the role of the University of Antwerp in that development. The analysis of needs is discussed, as is the strategy evolved to meet these needs. Not all problems have been solved, and the article reviews briefly some questions still to be asked.

L'article décrit le développement de la formation des directeurs d'école en Flandre, et aussi le rôle de l'Université d'Anvers dans ce processus. Il discute l'analyse des besoins ainsi que la stratégie qui a été développée pour répondre à ces besoins. Tous les problèmes n'ont pas été résolus et l'article soulève brièvement quelques questions qui se posent encore.  相似文献   

Features of Effective In‐service Activities: results of a Delphi‐study     

M. Van Tulder  S. Veenman  J. Sieben 《Educational studies》1988,14(2):209-223

In this study, conducted in the Netherlands, a modified Delphi technique was used to identify salient features of effective in‐service practices and their programming and design. It poses the question: which characteristics must in‐service activities—focused on the implementation of educational innovations—have in the opinion of experts in the field of in‐service education?

After reviewing studies on in‐service teacher education and educational implementation, a list of 60 statements on effective features of in‐service education was compiled. In three rounds, the statements were reviewed by a panel of experts with regard to their appropriateness and importance for the implementation of educational changes. This review resulted in a list of 34 statements, which, according to the Delphi participants, reflect appropriate and important features of effective in‐service teacher education.  相似文献   

Is it food or is it waste? The materiality and relational agency of food waste across the value chain     

Alexis Van Bemmel 《Journal of Cultural Economy》2020,13(2):207-220

ABSTRACT

Food waste has serious economic and environmental repercussions, and there is growing policy attention to this issue in Canada. This study investigates how the material characteristics of wasted food influence its circulation and management in the City of Guelph, Ontario. Based on interviews with informants across the food value chain, we learned that there is a high reliance on systems and techniques to determine when food becomes waste (including cold chains, best before dates, and aesthetic standards). We document how these systems pervade the food chain and food recovery efforts, and also note attempts to disrupt their momentum. Our analysis emphasizes the relational agency of food waste: how social and cultural contexts interact with food’s vital materiality in the determination of when it becomes waste, the circumstances under which waste can become food again, and how organic matter can find a second life as a source of energy and nutrients.  相似文献   

Capacity-building for educational managers in South Africa: a case study of the Mpumalanga Province   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Philip C. Van der Westhuizen  M. J. Mosoge  H. J. van Vuuren 《International Journal of Educational Development》2004,24(6):705-719

Wide-ranging changes in the education system have rendered many serving school principals ineffective in the management of their schools. Many of these serving principals lack basic management training prior to and after their entry into headship. Changes in education thus increase their problems and this causes untold harm to the education of the learners. This research deals with the quantitative data and qualitative analysis about the perceptions of 172 principals and 28 district/circuit managers in the Mpumalanga Province on their satisfaction with the programme and its effectiveness in facilitating learning.Questionnaires were used to gather the above data that was subsequently analysed using mean scores, frequencies and percentages. Responses from open-ended questions, in addition to the structured questionnaires, were recorded and categorised for the purpose of qualitative analysis.Results of the research show that principals and district/circuit managers were satisfied to very satisfied with the quality and adequacy of their training and agreed that the training was effective to very effective. A general tendency of higher mean scores among district/circuit managers than among principals was observed. Findings from the qualitative analysis supported and elaborated on the findings of the quantitative data.  相似文献   

A Method for Studying Climate-related Changes in the Condition of Decorated Wooden Panels     

S. Ekelund  P. Van Duin  A. Jorissen  B. Ankersmit  R. M. Groves 《文物保护研究》2018,63(2):62-71

Museum objects are often highly complex and composed of materials with varying properties, some of which may have changed as a result of ageing and/or conservation treatments. Research into defining sustainable environmental conditions by balancing energy cost and risk to these vulnerable objects has mainly focused on experiments in laboratories with new, single materials or on computer modelling, but only to a limited extent on actual objects. This paper presents a method to collect empirical data from a large group of decorated wooden panels in order to investigate the effects of humidity fluctuations on these objects and relate them to their material properties and construction. Wooden panels were chosen as they are regarded to be particularly sensitive to fluctuations in relative humidity. The fluctuations may cause the wood to shrink and swell and can result in open glue joints, cracks, and deformation of the panels as well as losses and cracks in the decorative layers. Empirical data are scarcely available as yet but are essential to study relationships between material properties, type of construction, damage, and as input and validation for modelling and experimental studies. The method, referred to as the Rijksmuseum Study, was performed on a group of 300 objects from the furniture and paintings collections of the Rijksmuseum.  相似文献   

Ebooks Versus Print Books: Format Preferences in an Academic Library     

Weijing Yuan  Marlene Van Ballegooie  Jennifer L. Robertson 《资料收集管理》2018,43(1):28-48

When a scholarly monograph is made available in both print and electronic formats, which format will users prefer? This study analyzed monograph usage data from three university presses in the University of Toronto Libraries' collections, comparing print and ebook usage patterns of identical titles. The goal was to examine format preferences and determine whether there are differences in usage across subject disciplines or publishers. The study showed that although in many cases users preferred one format over another, they used books in both formats. If a subject was popular, usage tended to be high for both formats, and if unpopular, low for both formats. The data also indicated that there were some noticeable differences in ebook usage for particular subjects, and the authors concluded that format does matter and therefore it is desirable for libraries to provide both formats if possible. The study also highlighted how critical metadata are in promoting the use of electronic resources. If there were no ebook metadata within the library catalog, the ebook usage was low. This analysis adds to a growing body of literature in user preferences on book formats that can assist libraries in making better-informed decisions in collection building.  相似文献