Educating Rita: Part 2. Anymore for science,and if so,why? an evaluation report     

Max Walsh  Paddy Lynch 《Research in Science Education》1985,15(1):13-17

  相似文献   

那只青蛙     

刘克 《英语沙龙》2010,(2)

  相似文献   

Is parental involvement lower at larger schools?     

Patrick Walsh 《Economics of Education Review》2010

Parents who volunteer, or who lobby for improvements in school quality, are generally seen as providing a school-wide public good. If so, straightforward public-good theory predicts that free-riding will reduce average involvement at larger schools. This study uses longitudinal data to follow families over time, as their children move from middle schools to high schools, thus netting out unobservable differences among families. Increases in school size result in significant reductions in parental involvement, although the magnitude of the effect is small. If parents experience a doubling in school size, they are 2 percentage points less likely to increase their contacts with the school, and 5 percentage points less likely to increase their volunteering. A continuous-treatment propensity-score method tests whether the results are driven by selection into treatment. The parental contact results are robust to this test, while the volunteer results are not. Also, there is some evidence that parents see their involvement as a substitute, rather than a complement, for perceived school quality.  相似文献   

A Comparison of Experimental and Observational Approaches to Assessing the Effects of Time Constraints in a Medical Licensing Examination          下载免费PDF全文

Polina Harik  Brian E. Clauser  Irina Grabovsky  Peter Baldwin  Melissa J. Margolis  Deniz Bucak  Michael Jodoin  William Walsh  Steven Haist 《Journal of Educational Measurement》2018,55(2):308-327

Test administrators are appropriately concerned about the potential for time constraints to impact the validity of score interpretations; psychometric efforts to evaluate the impact of speededness date back more than half a century. The widespread move to computerized test delivery has led to the development of new approaches to evaluating how examinees use testing time and to new metrics designed to provide evidence about the extent to which time limits impact performance. Much of the existing research is based on these types of observational metrics; relatively few studies use randomized experiments to evaluate the impact time limits on scores. Of those studies that do report on randomized experiments, none directly compare the experimental results to evidence from observational metrics to evaluate the extent to which these metrics are able to sensitively identify conditions in which time constraints actually impact scores. The present study provides such evidence based on data from a medical licensing examination. The results indicate that these observational metrics are useful but provide an imprecise evaluation of the impact of time constraints on test performance.  相似文献   

Recommendations to maintain immune health in athletes   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Neil P. Walsh 《European Journal of Sport Science》2018,18(6):820-831

Numerous studies over the last 35 years report an increase in upper respiratory infection (URI) symptoms in athletes during periods of heavy training and competition. Challenges athletes face such as heavy exercise and life stress influence immune function via activation of the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis and the sympathetic nervous system and the resulting immunoregulatory hormones. Both innate and acquired immunity are often reported to decrease transiently in the hours after heavy exertion, typically 15–70%: prolonged heavy training sessions in particular have been shown to decrease immune function; potentially providing an ‘open window’ for opportunistic infections. Whether the observed changes in immunity with acute strenuous exercise or periods of heavy training account for the increased susceptibility to URI symptoms remains contentious. Nevertheless, there is little doubt that URI symptoms hinder athletic training and competition; underpinning the need to identify the prominent risk factors and appropriate countermeasures. Recent studies have identified prominent risk factors, including: intensified training in the winter; long-haul travel; low energy availability; high levels of psychological stress and anxiety; and depression. Given the shared pathways and effector limbs for the body’s response to physical and psychological challenges, it is logical that psychological strain influences immunity and illness incidence in athletes under heavy training; indeed, stress and anxiety have recently been shown to modify the immune response to exercise. This mini-review provides new insights and evidence-based recommendations for coping with the various challenges that athletes encounter on immune health, including: heavy exercise; life stress; sleep disruption; environmental extremes and nutritional deficits.  相似文献   

‘Accountable to the life of my tribe,to the breath of my planet’: Another scene of choices     

Anne Walsh 《Interchange》1986,17(3):55-60

  相似文献   

Us Against Them: A Few Thoughts on Separateness     

Daniel J. Walsh 《Early education and development》1992,3(2):89-91

  相似文献   

The effects of high-intensity intermittent exercise on saliva IgA, total protein and alpha-amylase   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

Walsh NP  Blannin AK  Clark AM  Cook L  Robson PJ  Gleeson M 《Journal of sports sciences》1999,17(2):129-134

The aim of this study was to assess the effect of an acute bout of high-intensity intermittent exercise on saliva IgA concentration and alpha-amylase activity, since this type of training is commonly incorporated into the training programmes of endurance athletes and games players. Eight well-trained male games players took part in the study. They reported to the laboratory after an overnight fast and performed a 60-min cycle exercise task consisting of twenty 1-min periods at 100% VO2max, each separated by 2 min recovery at 30% VO2max. Unstimulated whole saliva was collected over a 5-min period into pre-weighed tubes and analysed for total protein, saliva IgA and alpha-amylase. The saliva flow rate ranged from 0.08 to 1.40 ml x min(-1) at rest and was not significantly affected by the exercise. The performance of the intermittent exercise bout did not affect the saliva IgA concentration, but caused a five-fold increase in alpha-amylase activity (P<0.01 compared with pre-exercise) and a three-fold increase in total protein concentration (P<0.01). These returned to pre-exercise values within 2.5 h post-exercise. It has been suggested that IgA concentration should be expressed as the ratio to total protein concentration, to correct for any concentrating effect due to evaporative loss of saliva water when breathing through the mouth (as in strenuous exercise). The present study clearly demonstrates that this is not appropriate, since there is an increase in salivary protein secretion rate immediately after exercise (571+/-77 microg x min(-1) compared with 218+/-71 microg x min(-1) pre-exercise; P<0.05). The increased saliva alpha-amylase activity after exercise may improve the protective effect of saliva, since this enzyme is known to inhibit bacterial attachment to oral surfaces. The saliva alpha-amylase secretion rate was lower immediately pre-exercise than at any other instant, which may have been due to anticipatory psychological stress, although the subjects were all familiar with interval exercise. This emphasizes the need for true resting non-stressed control conditions in future studies of the effects of exercise on saliva constituents.  相似文献   

Shared Storybook Reading in Head Start: Impact of Questioning Styles on the Vocabulary of Hispanic Dual Language Learners     

Bridget A. Walsh  Claudia Sánchez  Melissa M. Burnham 《Early Childhood Education Journal》2016,44(3):263-273

  相似文献   

Measurement of victimization in adolescence: development and validation of the Childhood Experiences of Violence Questionnaire     

Walsh CA  MacMillan HL  Trocmé N  Jamieson E  Boyle MH 《Child abuse & neglect》2008,32(11):1037-1057

  相似文献