排序方式： 共有46条查询结果，搜索用时 15 毫秒
21.
Paul Wasserman Janiece McLean Brian Rust Stefan Kanfer K. Aubrey Stone Richard F. Hixson 《Communication Booknotes Quarterly》2013,44(3):8-9
Paul Wasserman and Janiece McLean's Consultants and Consulting Organizations Directory (Detroit: Gale Research Co., 1973—$45.00), Brian Rust's The Complete Entertainment Discography from the mid-1890s to 1942 (New Rochelle, N.Y.: Arlington House, 1973—$12.95) Stefan Kanfer's A Journal of the Plague Years (New York: Atheneum, 1973—$7.95) K. Aubrey Stone's I'm Sorry, the Monopoly You Have Reached is not in Service (New York: Pallantine/Grassroots, 1973—$1.50, paper) Richard F. Hixson's Mass Media: A Casebook (New York: Crowell, 1973—price not known, paperback), Donald I. Rogers' Since You Went Away (New Rochelle, N.Y.: Arlington House, 1973—$8.95), 相似文献
22.
John D. Wasserman 《教育实用测度》2019,32(3):249-268
ABSTRACTTwenty-five years after the introduction of Carroll’s (1993) Three Stratum (3S) theory of intelligence and McGrew’s (1997) subsequent synthesis of 3S with the extended Gf-Gc / Horn-Cattell theory, the Cattell-Horn-Carroll (CHC) theory represents the prevailing framework by which the structure of human cognitive and intellectual abilities is understood. This commentary reviews, discusses, and supplements the critical examinations of CHC theory appearing in this special issue of Applied Measurement in Education. After recounting the historical foundations and structural framework of CHC, a series of challenges to this theory are compiled including its weak explanatory capacity, its failure to make testable predictions, its enmeshment with a single measurement instrument (i.e., the Woodcock–Johnson), the inconsistent independent replication of its factor structure, and most importantly, its undemonstrated evidential value for identification and intervention with students with specific learning disorders (SLDs). The inherent limitations of any psychological theory developed or tested primarily from factor analyses are enumerated. Solutions are proposed to advance psychological science in areas related to CHC theory. 相似文献
23.
We compared acquisition and performance accounts of human contingency learning. After solving a discrimination in Phase 1,
in which Cue A predicted the occurrence of the outcome and Cue B predicted its nonoccurrence (A+/B−), a new discrimination
(X+/Y−) was superimposed in Phase 2 (AX+/BY−). The participants were finally trained in Phase 3 with the added discrimination,
which either maintained the same contingencies as those in Phase 2 (X+/Y−; Experiment 1) or reversed the contingencies (X−/Y+;
Experiment 2). According to competitive-learning theories (e.g., Rescorla & Wagner, 1972), there should be no learning of
the added discrimination in Phase 2, so that no advantage or disadvantage for this discrimination should be observed in Phase
3. In contrast, performance theories, such as the comparator hypothesis (Miller & Matzel, 1988), contend that learning of
the added discrimination in Phase 2 should proceed normally; so, in Phase 3, an advantage for the added discrimination should
be observed in Experiment 1, but a disadvantage should be observed in Experiment 2. Our participants learned about the added
discrimination and generally showed the effects predicted by the comparator hypothesis. 相似文献
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Edward A. Wasserman 《Learning & behavior》1973,1(3):198-206
Three experiments investigated the effect of contextual and trial stimulus lighting conditions on keypeck autoshaping in pigeons. White illumination of a response key before food presentation readily produced keypecking in a brightly lit chamber but failed to do so in a chamber without house illumination (Experiments I and III). Keypecking in a darkened cubicle progressively increased and the facilitatory effect of a houselight decreased as the keylight stimulus was varied from a color change (Experiment II) to a feature change (Experiment III). These findings support a “cue localization” hypothesis of autoshaping. according to which reinforcement signals select specific behaviors for expression and direct these behaviors toward the source of stimulation. This account was extended to superstitious and operant conditioning situations. 相似文献
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We studied transposition in pigeons, using multiple-pair discrimination training. Four birds discriminated two pairs of circles:
1+ 2− and 5+ 6− or 1− 2+ and 5− 6+ (digits denote circle diameters and plus and minus signs denote reward and nonreward, respectively).
Four other birds discriminated four pairs of circles: 1+2−, 1+3−, 4+6−, and 5+6−or 1−2+, 1−3+, 4−6+, and 5−6+. Finally, 4
birds discriminated only one pair of circles: 1+ 2−, 1+ 2−, 5+ 6−, or 5− 6+. Testing included five new pairs—1/5, 2/3, 2/6,
3/4, and 4/5—that distinguished absolute from relational accounts of transposition. The pigeons’ relational responding rose
from one- to two- to four-pair training. The similarity of the testing stimuli to one another also affected relational responding:
Transposition increased with highly dissimilar stimuli. Neither Spence’s (1937) theory nor existing relational accounts could
predict the obtained pattern of relational responding. 相似文献
29.
CS2-CS1-US autoshaping was given to hungry pigeons and evidence of CS2-CS1 association was sought. Pigeons pecked that key of a two-key compound CS2 located where the upcoming CS1 key light was to occur. Such CS2-CS1 association was: (1) quickly acquired, (2) quite durable, and (3) stronger with simultaneous than with successive discrimination tasks. 相似文献
30.
The acquisition and maintenance of signal-directed pecking was examined in week-old Leg-Horn chicks responding to a keylight stimulus paired with heat. In contrast with previous studies using pigeons with food as the US, both speed of acquisition and asymptotic level of keypecking were a direct function of US duration. Experiment 2 examined responding using a within-subject design to isolate the effects of trial spacing on performance during the immediate trial from the effects on performance during a following trial of fixed length. These comparisons revealed a significant effect of intertriai interval (ITI), with less responding after shorter intervals. The effect of different temporal spacing was apparent in responding on the immediate trial, but not on the following trial. These local ITI effects were better predicted by a recent autoshaping model based on relative waiting time (Jenkins, Barnes, & Barrera, 1981) than by a model based on relative US expectancy (Gibbons & Balsam, 1981). However, neither model predicted the effect of US duration. A reexamination of the US-duration literature suggested that the diversity of previous findings is consistent with the assumption that conditioned responding is an inverted U-shaped function of US duration. 相似文献