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Wayne Camara 《Educational Measurement》2013,32(4):16-27
This article reviews the intended uses of these college‐ and career‐readiness assessments with the goal of articulating an appropriate validity argument to support such uses. These assessments differ fundamentally from today's state assessments employed for state accountability. Current assessments are used to determine if students have mastered the knowledge and skills articulated in state standards; content standards, performance levels, and student impact often differ across states. College‐ and career‐readiness assessments will be used to determine if students are prepared to succeed in postsecondary education. Do students have a high probability of academic success in college or career‐training programs? As with admissions, placement, and selection tests, the primary interpretations that will be made from test scores concern future performance. Statistical evidence between test scores and performance in postsecondary education will become an important form of evidence. A validation argument should first define the construct (college and career readiness) and then define appropriate criterion measures. This article reviews alternative definitions and measures of college and career readiness and contrasts traditional standard‐setting methods with empirically based approaches to support a validation argument. 相似文献
383.
Although frequently underutilized as educators, older adults can be valuable resources to universities, colleges, and communities. This paper examines some reasons for underutilization of elders and suggests an educational brokerage system as a means of maximizing their educational contributions and rewards. A case study of an emerging brokerage system is presented. 相似文献
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This review examines how early kindergarten entrants fare academically and socially/emotionally in their schooling. In general, the literature is pessimistic about academic achievement and social/emotional adjustment of early entrants. The exception to this seems to be when screening procedures are required to identify children with exceptional ability and to eliminate from early entrance children likely to have adjustment difficulties. Typically, the screening battery includes measurements of academic readiness, social/emotional maturity, and a physical examination, followed by a trial entrance period. Much additional research is needed to identify variables that will add significantly in predicting future school success of early entrants. However, rather than predicting which children will fit the educational system, a more effective use of educational research would be investigation into developing educational programs that are flexible in meeting the needs of each child. 相似文献
386.
A review of the literature on school phobia reveals that the predominant view concerning its etiology is the separation anxiety theory. This theory is critically anlayzed on three major grounds: (a) methodological problems of the research; (b) its lack of generalizability concerning pathological mother-child relationships; and (c) its lack of emphasis on possible external, etiological variables. A case is made for reexamination of school phobia, in light of recent research highlighting the potential role of environmental variables, thereby taking it out of the realm of neurotic behaviors. An alternative conceptualization is offered that views school refusal as a normal avoidance reaction to an unpleasant, unsatisfying, or even hostile environment. It is suggested that we shift our research attention to the school environment and personnel in terms of their contribution to the etiology and maintenance of school refusal behaviors. 相似文献
387.
Kenneth B. Maguire Maria-Louisa M. Knobel Bruce L. Knobel Lowell G. Sedlacek Wayne C. Piersel 《Psychology in the schools》1991,28(3):199-205
The PPVT-R was administered to 112 elementary school children in both computerautomated and standard formats. The comparability of test results was investigated. The automated format consisted of transparent plates placed in front of a computer screen with an Apple IIE computer and keyboard as the response medium. The correlations found between the standard and modified versions were positive, substantial, and acceptable for clinical use. The usefulness of adapted psychological testing with normal and response-limited individuals is discussed. 相似文献
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