Letters     

William Happer 《Academic Questions》2017,30(1):4-7

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Misery Loves Company: Our Regional Two‐Year College Assessment Consortium          下载免费PDF全文

Jim Benner  Ceil Connelly‐Weida  William F. Ford  Charles W. Beem 《Assessment Update》2015,27(3):8-11

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The Testing Effect Is Alive and Well with Complex Materials     

Jeffrey D. Karpicke  William R. Aue 《Educational Psychology Review》2015,27(2):317-326

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Exploring a transformative orientation to sustainability in universities: a question of loose and tight framings     

William A.H. Scott 《Environmental Education Research》2015,21(6):943-953

This review essay examines three new books on higher education and sustainability. It explores a number of the issues raised in the books, in particular, the meaning of a transformative orientation towards sustainability. The idea of loose and tight conceptual framings of sustainability is employed. A tight framing is where an institution embodies a vision, values and values-informed practices that have been shifted to fit a particular conceptualisation of sustainability which gives meaning, not just to what that institution does, but also to what it is trying to become. A loose framing is where an institution takes sustainability seriously in what it does, without having in place values, dispositions and orientations, and an appropriate conceptually grounded vision. It is argued (i) that the essential distinction here is between that of doing sustainability, and a shift to being sustainable as a whole institution; (ii) that any developmental journey to a tight framing would need to be a deliberate one; (iii) that changes to curriculum, management, leadership and governance would need to be in place before this can start; and (iv) that an important step on the journey will involve institution-wide deliberations on the conceptual framing(s) to adopt.  相似文献   

Assessing Scientific Practices Using Machine-Learning Methods: How Closely Do They Match Clinical Interview Performance?     

Elizabeth P. Beggrow  Minsu Ha  Ross H. Nehm  Dennis Pearl  William J. Boone 《Journal of Science Education and Technology》2014,23(1):160-182

The landscape of science education is being transformed by the new Framework for Science Education (National Research Council, A framework for K-12 science education: practices, crosscutting concepts, and core ideas. The National Academies Press, Washington, DC, 2012), which emphasizes the centrality of scientific practices—such as explanation, argumentation, and communication—in science teaching, learning, and assessment. A major challenge facing the field of science education is developing assessment tools that are capable of validly and efficiently evaluating these practices. Our study examined the efficacy of a free, open-source machine-learning tool for evaluating the quality of students’ written explanations of the causes of evolutionary change relative to three other approaches: (1) human-scored written explanations, (2) a multiple-choice test, and (3) clinical oral interviews. A large sample of undergraduates (n = 104) exposed to varying amounts of evolution content completed all three assessments: a clinical oral interview, a written open-response assessment, and a multiple-choice test. Rasch analysis was used to compute linear person measures and linear item measures on a single logit scale. We found that the multiple-choice test displayed poor person and item fit (mean square outfit >1.3), while both oral interview measures and computer-generated written response measures exhibited acceptable fit (average mean square outfit for interview: person 0.97, item 0.97; computer: person 1.03, item 1.06). Multiple-choice test measures were more weakly associated with interview measures (r = 0.35) than the computer-scored explanation measures (r = 0.63). Overall, Rasch analysis indicated that computer-scored written explanation measures (1) have the strongest correspondence to oral interview measures; (2) are capable of capturing students’ normative scientific and naive ideas as accurately as human-scored explanations, and (3) more validly detect understanding than the multiple-choice assessment. These findings demonstrate the great potential of machine-learning tools for assessing key scientific practices highlighted in the new Framework for Science Education.  相似文献   

Evaluation and Reward Systems: The Key Shapers of Organization Culture     

William F. Roth 《Performance Improvement》2014,53(8):24-29

Evaluation and reward processes, more so than communication, access to information, problem solving, work design, and training shape an organization's culture and employee's attitudes. The three most popular evaluation systems—MBO, BARS, and the 360 degree—encourage competition and even conflict by emphasizing individual performance. This emphasis is made stronger when the bell‐shaped density curve is used to categorize employees so that the weakest can be terminated. The evaluation and reward process should, instead, encourage cooperation.  相似文献   

Performance of children with ASD on the WISC-V ancillary index scales     

Brittany A. Dale  William Holmes Finch  Kassie A. R. Shellabarger 《Psychology in the schools》2023,60(2):431-440

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Kiowa forty-nine singing: A communication perspective     

William R Kennan  L.Brooks Hill 《Int J Intercult Relat》1980,4(2):149-165

Kiowa Forty-Nine singing is a social activity in which important aspects of Kiowa culture are performed and revealed through traditional communicative activities. The purpose of this study was to examine forty-nining as it serves to reveal cultural patterns of interaction. Rooted in ethnomethodology, this field research combined personal interviews and content analysis. The data first provided a general characterization of forty-nining; subsequent analysis produced distinguishable, but interrelated, sets of rules which regulate the nature and structure of forty-nines. Patterns identified in the fortynines can be extended to other intratribal interaction, as well as to intercultural communication. Better conception of these interactive patterns may foster better understanding of Kiowa intercultural relations.  相似文献   

Examination of birthplace and birthdate in World Junior ice hockey players     

Bruner MW  Macdonald DJ  Pickett W  Côté J 《Journal of sports sciences》2011,29(12):1337-1344

The present study investigated birthdate (known as the Relative Age Effect; RAE) and birthplace as determinants of expertise in an international sample of elite ice hockey players. The sample included 566 World Junior (WJR) ice hockey players from four countries (Canada, n = 153; USA, n = 136; Sweden, n = 140; Finland, n = 137). Participants competed in the International Ice Hockey Federation World U20 Championship between 2001 and 2009. A series of Poisson regression models were conducted to examine the consistency of direct then interactive relationships between both birthdate and birthplace and WJR membership across the four countries (Canada, USA, Sweden, and Finland). Findings revealed a consistent RAE across the four countries for World Junior participation from 2000 to 2009. WJR players from the four countries were also less likely to be from major cities. In addition, there was no evidence in any of the four countries of an interaction between RAE and birthplace. Future research should explore the contextual and cultural factors that influence elite athlete development in smaller towns, cities and communities.  相似文献   

Arabs and Normans in Sicily and Southern Italy     

William Tronzo 《Al-Masaq: Islam & the Medieval Mediterranean》2011,23(1):74-76

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