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Wim Westera 《Higher Education》2004,47(4):501-517
The innovation of education seems to beself-evident. Boosted by a wide range of newtechnologies, educational institutes all overthe world are innovating their educationalsystems, in order to extend their services, toimprove their performances or to reduce costs.The apparent self-evidence of educationalinnovation hardly prompts the educational staffto reflect on the very idea of innovation andits consequences. This paper treats the basicprinciples that support the phenomenon oftechnology-induced educational innovation. Itaims to contribute to a better insight andunderstanding of its implications to anyoneengaged in education. It also aims to effect agrowing awareness of the premises on technologyand to support the right attitude to realiseimprovements in practice. The paper goes intostrategies of change, while discussing bothsubstitutional and transformational strategies.It explains its supposed differences byreferring to the philosophical frameworks ofJaspers, Heidegger and Borgmann. Starting fromBorgmann's ``devices paradigm', four principlesfor educational innovations are formulated,referring to the transparency and interactivityof educational technologies, the socio-culturalsignificance of products, the importance ofvalues beyond efficiency and the political biasinvolved with technological innovation. 相似文献
64.
Tamara van Gog K. Anders Ericsson Remy M. J. P. Rikers Fred Paas 《Educational technology research and development : ETR & D》2005,53(3):73-81
Cognitive load theory (CLT) has been successful in identifying instructional formats that are more effective and efficient
than conventional problem solving in the initial, novice phase of skill acquisition. However, recent findings regarding the
“expertise reversal effect” have begun to stimulate cognitive load theorists to broaden their horizon to the question of how
instructional design should be altered as a learner's knowledge increases. To answer this question, it is important to understand
how expertise is acquired and what fosters its development. Expert performance research, and, in particular, the theoretical
framework of deliberate practice have given us a better understanding of the principles and activities that are essential
in order to excel in a domain. This article explores how these activities and principles can be used to design instructional
formats based on CLT for higher levels of skills mastery. The value of these formats for e-learning environments in which
learning tasks can be adaptively selected on the basis of online assessments of the learner's level of expertise is discussed.
In their preparation of this article, the first and last authors were supported by an Internationalization grant from the
Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research (NWO, The Hague, project number 411-01-010). 相似文献
65.
经济生活中越来越多的企业并购活动给商誉会计理论和实践带来一系列需要研究的新问题,并购时会计处理方法的两种选择直接决定商誉的确认和计量,使用不同的方法确定目标企业价值对商誉会计有不同的影响,对企业并购中的负商誉发生的原因与内涵进行了分析,同时建议对企业的自创商誉进行确认,给出了一种新的确认自创商誉的会计计量方法。 相似文献
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H. T. G. Van den Hurk A. A. M. Houtveen W. J. C. M. Van de Grift 《Reading and writing》2017,30(6):1231-1249
The relation is studied between teachers’ pedagogical content knowledge of reading and the quality of their subsequent classroom behaviour in teaching fluent reading. A confirmatory factor analysis model with two latent variables is tested and shows adequate goodness-of-fit indices. Contrary to our expectations, the results of structural equation modelling reveal a small but significant γ-value of .29, indicating that only 8% of the variance in teachers’ classroom behaviour in teaching fluent reading is accounted for by teachers’ pedagogical content knowledge of reading. Presumably teacher knowledge is not as stable and conclusive as one might think. More research is needed in determining the factors that work restricting for teachers in putting their knowledge into classroom practice. It is recommended that preservice and in-service teacher training should not be limited to transfer of knowledge, but should also assist teachers in designing and performing effective fluent reading instruction. 相似文献
68.
Eveline de Boer Fred J. J. M. Janssen Jan H. van Driel 《Journal of Science Teacher Education》2016,27(3):303-324
To increase the teacher efficacy of student teachers, they need positive classroom experiences: mastery experiences. These mastery experiences have to be created by the student teachers themselves. Therefore, student teachers need a tool to better understand problematic teaching experiences and help them create positive classroom experiences. Nine student biology teachers used this attribution support tool when reflecting on multiple lessons taught in classes they considered difficult. They scored their lessons and filled in a teacher efficacy questionnaire after each lesson. The results show that teacher efficacy increased and the number of failures during the lessons decreased; on average, the self-awarded marks per teacher per lesson increased, indicating an increase in mastery experiences. Therefore, the attribution tool seems to be a promising tool for student teachers to enhance their teacher efficacy and to support reflection on problematic teaching experiences. 相似文献
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Luce C. A. Claessens Jan van Tartwijk Anna C. van der Want Helena J. M. Pennings Nico Verloop Perry J. den Brok 《The Journal of educational research》2017,110(5):478-493
The authors voice teachers' perceptions of their interpersonal experiences with students in both positive and problematic relationships. Interview data from 28 teachers were examined by coding utterances on teacher and student interactions. Results indicate that teachers defined the quality of the relationship mostly by the level of communion (friendly vs. hostile), instead of by the level of agency (in control vs. powerless). Analyses of mentioned teacher and student behavior show a friendly interactional pattern for positive relationships and a hostile pattern for problematic ones. In teachers' perceptions, positive and problematic relationships also differed in context where encounters take place and topic of talk. Contrary to interactions in problematic relationships, encounters in positive relationships were mostly situated outside the classroom context and conversations during these encounters covered a wide range of topics. Implications for teacher education programs are discussed. 相似文献