Oral traditions,changing rural landscapes,and science education     

Sarah Riggs Stapleton 《Cultural Studies of Science Education》2017,12(1):189-198

This forum response extends the argument made by Avery and Hains that oral traditions can be useful for including the cultures and contexts of rural areas within science instruction. To buttress the oral expressions presented in Avery and Hains, I compare oral expressions of a second rural area, 600 miles to the South, in Eastern North Carolina. I explore similarities and differences in expressions from the two areas and consider the changing rural context within Eastern North Carolina. I add a consideration of larger demographic shifts impacting many rural areas—particularly in the US South—and close with a discussion of implications for science education.  相似文献   

The cognitive relevance of Indigenous and rural: Why is it critical to survival?     

Karim-Aly S. Kassam  Leanne M. Avery  Morgan L. Ruelle 《Cultural Studies of Science Education》2017,12(1):97-118

Using two case studies of children’s knowledge, this paper sheds light on the value, diversity, and necessity of Indigenous and place-based knowledge to science and engineering curricula in rural areas. Rural contexts are rich environments for cultivating contextual knowledge, hence framing a critical pedagogy of teaching and learning. Indigenous and rural place-based knowledge are nuanced and pragmatic in character, and offer solutions to both local and global challenges. Two case studies, drawn from the experience of Lakota and Dakota communities and rural New York State, demonstrate the need to conserve, transmit, and contribute to Indigenous and rural knowledge through experiential and place-based education that bridges the gap between children’s knowledge and global STEM. This knowledge is inherently diverse in its complexity and connectivity to habitat, and when viewed in this light, has the capacity to transform our perspectives on educational practices and policies as well as our overall outlook on conserving both ecological as well as cultural diversity worldwide. Because diversity and knowledge are necessary for the survival of life on this planet, an enriched concept of pedagogical pluralism, in terms of multiple ways of knowing, is a necessity.  相似文献   

AI assisted ethics     

Amitai Etzioni  Oren Etzioni 《Ethics and Information Technology》2016,18(2):149-156

The growing number of ‘smart’ instruments, those equipped with AI, has raised concerns because these instruments make autonomous decisions; that is, they act beyond the guidelines provided them by programmers. Hence, the question the makers and users of smart instrument (e.g., driver-less cars) face is how to ensure that these instruments will not engage in unethical conduct (not to be conflated with illegal conduct). The article suggests that to proceed we need a new kind of AI program—oversight programs—that will monitor, audit, and hold operational AI programs accountable.  相似文献   

Evaluation of Surfactants-Assisted Folic Acid-Loaded Pectin Submicrospheres: Characterization and Hemocompatibility Assay     

J. B. Varuna Kumara  N. R. Ravikumara  Basavaraj Madhusudhan 《Indian journal of clinical biochemistry : IJCB》2016,31(4):390-401

Folic acid is used for preventing and treating multiple diseases and disorders, administered in the form of oral supplements. The present research work was aimed to study the influence of two non-ionic surfactants Poloxamer and Tween 80 (Polysorbate 80) on pectin submicrospheres formulations. Typical natural polymer pectin was used to encapsulate folic acid by cross linking method. The resultant submicrospheres contributed to improve the aqueous solubility to enhance the bioavailability of folic acid. During investigation, it was observed that pectin polymers influenced kinetics of the rate of reaction more intensively than the surfactants. The physical phenomenon caused the change in their size, shape and chemistry of pectin polymers transforming into submicrospheres in aqueous condition. The characteristic differences of submicrospheres were assessed by scanning electron microscopy, differential scanning calorimetry and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy. The average diameters of the submicrospheres ranged between 250 and 500 nm. The encapsulation efficiency of submicrospheres ranged between 80 and 96 %. The characteristic swelling behavior of lyophilized submicrospheres was influenced by the ratio of pectin polymers and folic acid used in the formulations. The submicrospheres systems exhibited controlled release of folic acid due to the pH-dependent solubility of pectin polymers in aqueous medium. The submicrospheres showed good haemocompatibility suggesting them to be promising candidates for oral delivery.  相似文献   

The physical world as a blob: Is OSR really realism?     

Mauro Dorato 《Metascience》2016,25(2):173-181

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Robert Boyle and seventeenth-century chemistry: a second look     

Antonio Clericuzio 《Metascience》2016,25(1):103-110

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All in the name of science     

Michael Root 《Metascience》2016,25(2):205-207

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The bumpy road of evolutionary science     

J. H. van Hateren 《Metascience》2016,25(2):209-211

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Sober as a Judge     

Gordon Belot 《Metascience》2016,25(3):387-392

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Genetics of Obesity     

Apurva Srivastava  Neena Srivastava  Balraj Mittal 《Indian journal of clinical biochemistry : IJCB》2016,31(4):361-371

Numerous classical genetic studies have proved that genes are contributory factors for obesity. Genes are directly responsible for obesity associated disorders such as Bardet–Biedl and Prader–Willi syndromes. However, both genes as well as environment are associated with obesity in the general population. Genetic epidemiological approaches, particularly genome-wide association studies, have unraveled many genes which play important roles in human obesity. Elucidation of their biological functions can be very useful for understanding pathobiology of obesity. In the near future, further exploration of obesity genetics may help to develop useful diagnostic and predictive tests for obesity treatment.  相似文献