Home literacy environment and reading comprehension in Spanish primary education     

Fernando Guzmán-Simón  Javier Gil-Flores  Alejandra Pacheco-Costa 《Journal of Research in Reading》2020,43(2):229-247

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Semi-professional school leadership in Spain: Gender differences     

Juana-María Tierno-García  Marta Camarero-Figuerola  Pilar Iranzo-García  Charo Barrios-Arós 《European Journal of Education》2020,55(4):587-601

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奥运会: 准备一次独特的经历     

西多尼奥·塞尔帕 《天津体育学院学报》2008,23(3):191-191

与之前参加过的世界比赛相比,很多优秀的运动员在奥运会上的成绩和表现都不容乐观[1-2].然而,由于名额分配少的体制,使得具有某些优势项目国家的参赛运动员名额减少,奥运会比赛难度水平降低,这就给了水平较低的参赛国运动员一些机会.  相似文献   

Lifestyle, body composition, and physical fitness changes in Hungarian school boys (1975-2005)     

Photiou A  Anning JH  Mészáros J  Vajda I  Mészáros Z  Sziva A  Prókai A  Ng N 《Research quarterly for exercise and sport》2008,79(2):166-173

General socioeconomic conditions as well as the physical environment have undergone remarkable changes in Hungary during the past 30 years. Unfortunately, these positive processes have resulted in a reduction of habitual physical activity along with unfavorable changes in dietary habits. Therefore, the purpose of the present study was to compare some selected morphological and functional parameters of 7-14-year-old Hungarian schoolboys living in the middle of the 1970s and at the beginning of the new millennium. It was hypothesized that there would be significant differences in morphological and functional characteristics of the Hungarian schoolboy populations, because they were assessed 30 years apart. Means of height, body mass, body mass index (BMI), the sum of five skinfold tests, percentage of body fat, and two running performance times (400 m and 1,200 m) of the boys (N = 3,672) studied in 1975 were compared to those of the boys (N = 3,758) in 2005. Data were analyzed using two-tailed independent samples t tests (p < .05). We observed significant secular changes in body mass and height. In addition, boys in 2005 had significantly more subcutaneous fat compared to 1975. The running times for the two distances were significantly poorer at the time of the second investigation. The remarkable and unfavorable changes in body composition and cardiorespiratory performance were attributed to the continuously decreasing intensity of habitual physical exercise and a lifestyle that had become more sedentary (watching TV playing computer games, etc.). Radical interventions are necessary to reduce these risks associated with the high prevalence of cardiovascular disease in Hungary, and the challenge to resolve the problem requires combined efforts at the educational, societal, corporate, and governmental levels.  相似文献   

Validity of the “Samsung Health” application to measure steps: A study with two different samsung smartphones     

Vicente J. Beltrán-Carrillo  Alejandro Jiménez-Loaisa  Miriam Alarcón-López  Jose L. L. Elvira 《Journal of sports sciences》2019,37(7):788-794

The purpose of this study was to examine the validity of a highly popular pedometer application (Samsung Health). Sixteen adults (28.8 ± 8.9 years of age) wore two Samsung smartphone models, Samsung Galaxy Core Prime (SGCP) and Samsung Galaxy S4 (SGS4), at three body locations (waist, arm, and hand) while walking and running over a 50-m test. All trials were recorded using a video as a gold standard measure of step counts. Results indicated that the validity of Samsung Health varied depending on the smartphone model, its body location, and the type of gait (walking and running). Samsung Health showed acceptable validity when the SGCP was located on the hand (Bias = ?8.3%; RMSE = 5.6), and especially on the arm (Bias = ?7.2%; RMSE = 4.9) while running, and when the SGS4 was located on the arm (Bias = ?7.5%; RMSE = 5.4), and especially on the waist (Bias = 5.4%; RMSE = 3.7) while walking. Samsung Health only showed good validity when the SGS4 was located on the arm (Bias = 2.9%; RMSE = 3.6), and especially on the hand (Bias = 0.5%; RMSE = 2.5) while running. This application showed unacceptable validity in the remaining options.  相似文献   

Physical fitness predicts the academic achievement over one-school year follow-up period in adolescents     

Francisco Javier Gil-Espinosa  Cristina Cadenas-Sanchez  Palma Chillón 《Journal of sports sciences》2019,37(4):452-457

The purposes of this study were to examine how fitness at the baseline could predict both academic achievement and academic achievement changes one school year in advance. A total of 194 adolescents (mean age: 14.15 ± 0.97 years old, 112 boys) who attended secondary school participated in our study. Cardiorespiratory fitness was measured with the 20 m endurance shuttle-run test. We also assessed the lower-limbs muscular strength with the standing long jump test and flexibility with the sit-and-reach test. The academic achievement was assessed by school grades. We performed linear regression analyses. Additionally, we examined the relationship between fitness and changes in the academic performance following the same statistical methodology. Cardiorespiratory fitness was positively associated with mathematics one school year in advance (p = 0.025). Cardiorespiratory fitness was also positively associated with changes in Spanish language (p = 0.005), mathematics (p = 0.023), and the grade point average (p = 0.006). Muscular strength was also positively associated with changes in Spanish language (p = 0.040) and mathematics (p = 0.010), while flexibility was associated with changes in Spanish language (p = 0.039) and the grade point average (0.027). Our results suggest that cardiorespiratory fitness was positively associated with academic achievement in adolescents.  相似文献   

Identifying profiles of children at risk of being less physically active: an exploratory study using a self-organised map approach for motor competence     

Isaac Estevan  Xavier García-Massó  Javier Molina García  Lisa M. Barnett 《Journal of sports sciences》2019,37(12):1356-1364

This study aims to develop profiles in children according to physical fitness, actual and perceived motor competence, and to examine the level of engagement in physical activity and weight status according to these profiles. In the study, 156 typically developing Spanish children (47.4% girls) of primary school age (5–11 years-old) participated voluntarily. Children’s perceived and actual motor competence, physical fitness, physical activity participation and weight status were assessed. A Self-Organising Map and K-means cluster analysis were used to classify and visualise the values. Four profiles were found: profile 2 was aligned – high capacity, high perception, profile 1 was partially aligned – medium capacity and perception, profile 3 and 4 were both non-aligned – low capacity, medium perception and medium capacity, low perception; respectively. Children in profile 2 were more active than children in profile 3 and 4 (P < .05). In profile 2 there was a lower frequency of overweight/obese children than normal-weight children. On the contrary, in profiles 1, 3 and 4 a similar distribution of normal-weight and overweight/obese children was found. High capable children with high perception exhibited higher physical activity participation and were more likely to be of normal-weight compared to those with low capacity and/or perception.  相似文献   

Vertical Jump Performance in Hungarian Male Elite Junior Soccer Players     

Leonidas Petridis  Katinka Utczás  Zsófia Tróznai  Irina Kalabiska  Gergely Pálinkás  Tamás Szabó 《Research quarterly for exercise and sport》2019,90(2):251-257

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Effect of the level of effort during resistance training on intraocular pressure     

Jesús Vera  Beatríz Redondo  Alejandro Torrejón  Carlos Gustavo De Moraes  Amador García-Ramos 《European Journal of Sport Science》2019,19(3):394-401

Background: We aimed to evaluate the influence of the level of effort during four basic resistance exercises leading to muscular failure on intraocular pressure (IOP) and ocular perfusion (OPP), as well as the role of exercise type and sex. Methods: Twenty-five young adults (12 women) performed 10 repetitions against their 10-RM (repetition maximum) load in the squat, military press, biceps curl and calf raise exercises. IOP was measured before, during and after exercise, whereas OPP was indirectly assessed before and after each exercise. Results: There was a progressive IOP rise during exercise (p?η²?=?0.531), which was dependent on exercise type (p?=?0.020, η²?=?0.125). The squat exercise induced higher IOP increments in comparison to the other exercises (corrected p-values?p-values?=?0.012 and 0.002). OPP exhibited a significant reduction when leading to muscular failure (p?=?0.001, η²?=?0.364), being statistically significant for the squat and military press exercises (corrected p-values?=?0.037 and 0.047). No effect of sex was found for IOP and OPP (p?>?0.05). Conclusions: A single set of resistance training leading to muscular failure causes an instantaneous and progressive IOP rise in healthy young individuals. These IOP rises depend on exercise type (squat?>?military press?=?biceps curl?>?calf raise), but not on participant´s sex. OPP diminished as a consequence of performing resistance training exercise, being statistically significant for the squat and military press exercises. Future studies should include glaucoma patients aiming to corroborate the generalizability of our findings.  相似文献   

Implementing School Restructuring in the Inner City     

Mirón  Louis F.  St. John  Edward P.  Davidson  Betty 《The Urban Review》1998,30(2):137-166

The purpose of this research was to examine school reform at a local level. Our analysis centered on the impact that the Accelerated Schools model had on two inner-city elementary schools in New Orleans. Key to our interpretation was addressing prevalent social issues, including poverty, racism, and single-parent families, embedded in everyday life in urban communities. The findings illuminate the need to resolve racial, social, and ideological conflicts for school change to take root in inner-city schools.  相似文献