Knowledge bases in medicine: a review     

C A Perry 《Bulletin of the Medical Library Association》1990,78(3):271-282

Efforts to represent knowledge effectively have been central to progress in various aspects of medical informatics. These efforts range from relatively simple "electronic textbooks" to fairly sophisticated knowledge-based systems, which function as well as, or even better than, human experts faced with similar problems. Knowledge bases have been developed in many fields, but the relatively limited domains and structured language of medicine, as well as the importance of information in the provision of good medical care, have made research in medical knowledge representation an area of intense activity. This paper reviews representative knowledge bases and knowledge-based systems in medicine: electronic textbooks such as PDQ and the Hepatitis Knowledge Base (HKB), rule-based systems such as MYCIN, causal models (e.g., CASNET), and hypothesis- or frame-based systems, exemplified by PIP and INTERNIST-1. The paper describes the relationships among divergent approaches and provides a sense of current and future trends. It examines problems in knowledge-based systems, particularly in knowledge representation and acquisition, and the responses to these challenges. The latter include the use of domain-independent software shells for constructing knowledge bases, the adaptation and use of previously existing knowledge bases, and multiple uses of the same knowledge base for different purposes.  相似文献   

Serials standards work: the next frontier     

Tseng SC  Arcand JL  Brugger JM  Finn M  Olson AJ  Somers S 《Library resources & technical services》1990,34(2):139-157

Serials, one of the more complicated areas of library technical endeavors, has lacked the benefit of standards for a long time. Even now, with standards beginning to be available, the majority of institutions are not working within standard serials formats. A survey to determine the use of serials standards in libraries was conducted in 1988 by the American Library Association, Resources and Technical Services Division, Serials Section, Committee to Study Serials Standards. In the spring of 1988 a survey was sent to a group encompassing the Association of Research Libraries members, CONSER participants, United States Newspaper Program participants, Microform Project libraries, and some vendors and librarians who attended the Committee meetings on a regular basis. The survey questionnaire assessed the current level of serials standards awareness of librarians and vendors. Topics included the type of serials systems used, standards relevant to serials control and union listing and whether or not they are implemented, types and levels of training staff received in the application of standards, benefits of the standards, and areas where standards are most needed.  相似文献   

Medical information, health sciences librarians, and professional liability     

Hafner AW 《Special libraries》1990,81(4):305-308

As a gatekeeper to medical literature and a critical link in the delivery of information to physicians, the librarian's role raises the issue of the librarian's professional liability. The paper suggests several ways in which liability may attach to the librarian or the librarian's employers. Although the librarian's personal risk is negligible, the physician's exposure due to ineffective library work is substantial since the courts have held that a physician must keep abreast of progress in his field. Librarians can also become associated with professional liability actions as part of a case against a physician or hospital through the legal doctrine of vicarious liability. The paper concludes by suggesting several proactive steps for health sciences librarians to pursue to insulate themselves from professional liability and to insulate physicians and institutions from vicarious liability.  相似文献   

The Health Devices Alerts database     

Hewison NS 《Medical reference services quarterly》1990,9(2):61-72

  相似文献   

Risk management information for HIV infection     

Edwards AJ 《Medical reference services quarterly》1990,9(4):27-42

This article discusses HIV infection in terms of the risk manager's information needs in the health care environment. The malpractice problem, increasing workman's compensation suits, the greater role of the ombudsman, implementation of the National Practitioner Data Bank, and the Joint Commission on Accreditation of Health Care Organizations' (JCAHO) emphasis on clinical excellence are conditions which have given greater importance to the risk manager's position. Included in this article are hedges to retrieve various components of risk management and a select bibliography from AIDSLINE.  相似文献   

Lay information mediary behavior uncovered: exploring how nonprofessionals seek health information for themselves and others online          下载免费PDF全文

Jennie A. Abrahamson  Karen E. Fisher  Anne G. Turner  Joan C. Durrance    Tammara Combs Turner 《Medical Library and Historical Journal》2008,96(4):310-323

  相似文献   

Beautiful Evidence,by Edward R. Tufte. Cheshire,CT: Graphics Press, 2006. 213p. $52.00. ISBN 0-9613921-7-7.     

Terrence A. Brooks 《The Journal of Academic Librarianship》2008,34(1):84-85

  相似文献   

On the problem of determining a citation index of publications by Kazakh scientists     

V. A. Frolova  S. K. Khasenova  T. Sh. Kubieva  O. A. Rog 《Scientific and Technical Information Processing》2008,35(2):104-106

This paper discusses the evaluation of scientific activity with the help of some scientometric indices, in particular, a citation index. The information massif of the bibliographic database of citations to domestic publications of Kazakh authors is statistically described.  相似文献   

Assessment of the research activities of Russian and Belarussian scientists (according to Scopus data)     

N. Yu. Berezkina  O. N. Sikorskaya 《Scientific and Technical Information Processing》2008,35(6):256-259

The publication activity of Russian and Belarussian scientists, the degree of reflection of their papers in Scopus databases, and the data on the citation of Belarussian authors in the works of other researchers are discussed.  相似文献   

The role of metadata in the creation and application of information resources on the properties of substances and materials     

A. O. Yerkimbaev  V. Yu. Zitserman  G. A. Kobzev 《Scientific and Technical Information Processing》2008,35(6):247-255

  相似文献