The (amorphous) anatomy of an invention: the case of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)     

Prasad A 《Social studies of science》2007,37(4):533-560

The priority dispute between Raymond Damadian and Paul Lauterbur over the 'invention' of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has attracted the attention of social and natural scientists for more than 30 years. In this paper, I have used this priority dispute to analyze the complex socio-epistemic processes through which a claim for an invention is made and strengthened. I argue that a tension exists because techno-scientific practices are embedded within a particular disciplinary regime of authorship: even though techno-scientific practices occur through distributed cognition and are contingent upon particular socio-epistemic contexts, a claim for an invention requires assigning authorship to a particular person, company, or institution in order to clearly define the origin and the novelty of that particular techno-scientific event. Nevertheless, the outcomes of socio-epistemic practices for making and strengthening priority claims are shifting, open-ended, and contingent upon particular socio-epistemic contexts.  相似文献   

Great experiments in physics     

Amit Roy 《Resonance》2000,5(11):4-13

In 1965, Arno Penzias and Robert Wilson of Bell Telephone Laboratories in USA discovered weak microwave radiation coming from all directions which was soon realised to be a relic from a hot dense early phase of our Universe—the ‘big bang’. This article focuses on the key experimental techniques and innovations which made this momentous—and accidental!—discovery possible. Amit Roy is at the Nuclear Science Centre, New Delhi, building a superconducting linac booster for the pelletron accelerator. He spent over two decades at the Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Mumbai investigating nuclei using accelerators and probing symmetries in physics. His hobbies are books and music.  相似文献   

Arthur Holly Compton (1892–1962)     

Amit Roy 《Resonance》2018,23(9):943-948

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Low cost demonstration experiment Lorentz force: Change in path of charged particles in magnetic field     

Amit Ram Morarka  Chaitanya Dixit 《Resonance》2013,18(9):849-855

The path of charged particles is affected when they enter a magnetic field. This change of path largely depends on the angle between the applied magnetic field and the direction of motion of the charged particle (and its velocity) entering the magnetic field. This is demonstrated by means of a simple, low-cost experiment. A high voltage is used to ionize the air between a spark gap. The flow of charged particles between the spark gap is altered by applying a magnetic field from a rare earth permanent magnet having surface magnetic field induction of 0.12 T.  相似文献   

Service Strategies for Higher Educational Institutions Based on Student Segmentation   总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0  

Amit K. Ghosh  Rajshekhar Javalgi  Thomas W. Whipple 《Journal of Marketing for HIGHER EDUCATION》2013,23(2):238-255

Over the last decade, higher education institutions in the U.S. have faced increased competition and expenditures coupled with declines in financial support. Furthermore, they often have been forced to cater to the needs of an increasingly diverse group of students and must design service strategies based on the unique needs of each group. This paper advocates the use of target marketing principles to effectively and efficiently allocate resources among the various groups. Student registration data from a large, urban, public university, which is routinely available at little cost, is used to identify five student segments. These segments include traditional students, non-traditional students, a sizable international student segment, a graduating segment, and a group of transferees. The unique needs of each segment are identified and appropriate service strategies are formulated for each segment. The diversity of the segments establish the utility of using target marketing principles for designing service strategies and the viability of using registration database for such a purpose.  相似文献   

How is the body’s systemic nature manifested amongst high school biology students?     

Jaklin Tripto  Orit Ben Zvi Assaraf  Zohar Snapir  Miriam Amit 《Instructional Science》2017,45(1):73-98

This study follows two groups of students (67 in all) through the 3 years of their high school biology education and examines the development of their systems thinking - specifically their models of the human body as a system. Both groups were composed of biology majors, but the students in one group also participated in a PBLbased extension program called “Medical Systems”. Data was gathered by means of concept maps, which the students completed at four strategic stages of the learning process: beginning of 10th grade, end of 10th grade, end of 11th grade and end of 12th grade. At the end of the 3 year learning process, the students’ showed more complex system models. They included a wider range of concepts in their maps, spanning hierarchy levels ranging from the molecular and cellular to the system level. We also found an increase in references to dynamic interactions, but this did not encourage the students to use cellular level processes when explaining phenomena that occur at the systems level. The impact of the PBL teaching method was strongly evident in the complexity of the Medical Systems program students’ concept maps, which heavily emphasized “hierarchy” and “diseases” as system characteristics.  相似文献   

Medical students’ help-seeking recommendations for a person with Alzheimer’s disease: relationships with knowledge and stigmatic beliefs     

Perla Werner  Ayelet Gur  Amit Porat  Mosa Zubedat  Shiri Shinan-Altman 《Educational gerontology》2020,46(5):294-302

ABSTRACT

Primary care physicians play a central role in the process of providing a timely diagnosis of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Recent reviews reported that their lack of knowledge and stigmatic beliefs about the disease are important barriers to providing an adequate diagnosis and even affect physicians’ referral recommendations for help-seeking (HS). This topic however, has not been examined among medical students. Thus, the aim of this study was to examine Israeli medical students’ HS recommendations for a person with AD, and their associations with knowledge about the disease and stigmatic beliefs, including agism and AD stigma. A convenience sample of 142 six-year medical students completed a structured questionnaire (60% female; mean age = 25.8). Overall, regarding nonprofessional sources, the vast majority of the participants stated they would recommend seeking help from close family members and friends. Regarding medical sources, almost all the participants recommended seeking help from family physicians and neurologists. Results showed that AD stigma mediated the relationship between knowledge about AD and HS recommendations. Our results stress the importance of investing efforts during the training and socialization phases of future clinicians in order to improve the timely diagnosis of AD, placing special attention on AD stigma.  相似文献   

Great experiments in physics     

Amit Roy 《Resonance》1998,3(11):8-17

Tunneling between two superconductors was first predicted theoretically and then observed experimentally. The discovery ofthis effect has led to measurements of extremely tiny magnetic fields, new standard measurements of volt amongst other things. The experiments in which Josephson effect was first observed is described.  相似文献   

Great experiments in physics     

Amit Roy 《Resonance》1999,4(9):6-13

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Study on Impact of Iron and Folic Acid on the Plasma Trace Minerals in Pregnant Anemic Women     

Amit Kumar Mani Tiwari  Abbas Ali Mahdi  Sanjay Mishra 《Indian journal of clinical biochemistry : IJCB》2018,33(1):31-37

Iron deficiency anemia is one of the causes that lead to significant mortality and morbidity among pregnant women and fetus. The present study was undertaken to explore oral iron supplementation can modify the metal contents in pregnant anemic women. Iron and folic acid supplementations was given to 500 anemic women (mild = 200, moderate = 200, and severe = 100) and 100 age matched non-anemic controls daily for 100 days. Blood index values and plasma trace minerals were estimated as per standard protocols. Haemoglobin and ferritin levels were found significantly increased (p < 0.001) in anemic and control subjects after treatment. Moreover, the serum transferring receptor levels and total iron binding capacity were found significantly decreased in all treated groups. Iron (Fe), zinc (Zn) and copper (Cu) levels were found increased (p < 0.01) after oral iron supplementation groups. Moreover, selenium (Se) manganese (Mn) and were found to be decreased in all treated groups. Data provides the conclusion that iron and folic acid supplementation recovered the essential trace minerals, except manganese, which may lead to various complications including peroxidation of vital body molecules resulting in increased risk for pregnant women as well as fetus.  相似文献