Mass sterilisation at gunpoint     

Hanlon J  Agarwal A 《New scientist (1971)》1977,74(1050):268-270

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Fermion number fractionization     

Kumar Rao  Narendra Sahu  Prasanta K. Panigrahi 《Resonance》2008,13(8):738-751

Solitons emerge as non-perturbative solutions of non-linear wave equations in classical and quantum theories. These are non-dispersive and localised packets of energy — remarkable properties for solutions of non-linear differential equations. In the presence of such objects, the solutions of Dirac equation lead to the curious phenomenon of ‘fractional fermion number’. Under normal conditions the fermion number takes strictly integral values. In this article, we describe this accidental discovery and its manifestation in polyacetylene chains, which has led to the development of organic conductors. (left) Kumar Rao is a Postdoctoral Fellow at PRL, Ahmedabad. He is interested in particle physics phenomenology as probed in particle colliders and formal aspects of quantum field theory. (right) Narendra Sahu is currently a postdoctoral fellow at Lancaster University, UK. His main research area includes Cosmology and Astroparticle physics. Currently he is working on dark matter and matter anti-matter asymmetry of the universe. (center) P K Panigrahi’s research interests are in the area of quantum computation, solitons in Bose Einstein condensates & nonlinear optical media. He is also deeply interested in science education and derives pleasure from long weekend walks.  相似文献   

Molecule matters     

Anil J. Elias 《Resonance》2008,13(5):456-467

Divalent carbon compounds which were once considered as highly reactive organic intermediates have been tamed by the modern day synthetic chemist in the form of N-heterocyclic carbenes. The land marks in the history of development of these compounds and their applications as ligands in the Nobel Prize winning work on olefin metathesis catalysts are described. Anil J Elias is a professor at the Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology, Delhi.  相似文献   

Scalar and vectors in physics - I     

A.?W.?JoshiEmail author  Alok?Kumar 《Resonance》2004,9(10):62-77

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An efficient page ranking approach based on vector norms using sNorm(p) algorithm     

Shubham Goel  Ravinder Kumar  Munish Kumar  Vikram Chopra 《Information processing & management》2019,56(3):1053-1066

In the whole world, the internet is exercised by millions of people every day for information retrieval. Even for a small to smaller task like fixing a fan, to cook food or even to iron clothes persons opt to search the web. To fulfill the information needs of people, there are billions of web pages, each having a different degree of relevance to the topic of interest (TOI), scattered throughout the web but this huge size makes manual information retrieval impossible. The page ranking algorithm is an integral part of search engines as it arranges web pages associated with a queried TOI in order of their relevance level. It, therefore, plays an important role in regulating the search quality and user experience for information retrieval. PageRank, HITS, and SALSA are well-known page ranking algorithm based on link structure analysis of a seed set, but ranking given by them has not yet been efficient. In this paper, we propose a variant of SALSA to give sNorm(p) for the efficient ranking of web pages. Our approach relies on a p-Norm from Vector Norm family in a novel way for the ranking of web pages as Vector Norms can reduce the impact of low authority weight in hub weight calculation in an efficient way. Our study, then compares the rankings given by PageRank, HITS, SALSA, and sNorm(p) to the same pages in the same query. The effectiveness of the proposed approach over state of the art methods has been shown using performance measurement technique, Mean Reciprocal Rank (MRR), Precision, Mean Average Precision (MAP), Discounted Cumulative Gain (DCG) and Normalized DCG (NDCG). The experimentation is performed on a dataset acquired after pre-processing of the results collected from initial few pages retrieved for a query by the Google search engine. Based on the type and amount of in-hand domain expertise 30 queries are designed. The extensive evaluation and result analysis are performed using MRR, [email protected], MAP, DCG, and NDCG as the performance measuring statistical metrics. Furthermore, results are statistically verified using a significance test. Findings show that our approach outperforms state of the art methods by attaining 0.8666 as MRR value, 0.7957 as MAP value. Thus contributing to the improvement in the ranking of web pages more efficiently as compared to its counterparts.  相似文献   

Analysis of SEVA TB ES-31 antigen specific immunoglobulins IgM, IgA and IgG in sera of sputum and culture positive pulmonary tuberculosis     

Sonika Gupta  Niraj Shende  Swati Banerjee  Satish Kumar  M. V. R. Reddy  Bhaskar C. Harinath 《Indian journal of clinical biochemistry : IJCB》2002,17(1):5-8

Tuberculosis remains major health problem in India and developing countries Immunodiagnosis has important role in screening, diagnosis and management of tuberculosis. SEVA TB ES-31 antigen has shown potential in detecting tuberculous IgG antibody in earlier studies from our laboratory. In the present study we have analysedSEVA TB ES-31 antigen specific immunoglobulinsIgM, IgA and IgG in clinically and bacteriologically confirmed pulmonary tuberculosis cases to determine the usefulness of specific immunoglobulin class in the diagnosis of patients attending the hospital. Of the 30 cases of pulmonary tuberculosis 25 (83.3%) were positive for IgG, 19 (63.3%) for IgM and 16 (53.3%) for IgA. On combining IgG and IgM positivity, sensitivity was increased to 93.3%. While combining IgG and IgA positivity, sensitivity increased to 90%. However specificity was decreased to 66.6% and 70% for both of these combinations respectively. It could be envisaged from this study that IgG antibody detection against ES-31 antigen showed acceptable sensitivity (83.3%) and specificity (86.6%) compared to IgM or IgA alone or in combination. When immune responses were analysed according to degree of sputum positivity, IgG response was observed to be predominant in all grades, compared to IgM or IgA antibody. The addition of IgM or IgA as an adjunct test increases the sensitivity but at the cost of specificity. Hence the detection of IgG alone is more useful compared to IgM or IgA assay, in detecting tuberculosis disease cases coming to the hospital.  相似文献   

A note on quasi-static thermal deflection of a thin clamped circular plate due to ramp-type heating of a concentric circular region of the upper face     

Snehanshu Kumar Roy Choudhuri 《Journal of The Franklin Institute》1973,296(3):213-219

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Lipid peroxidation and glutathione peroxidase in ischemic heart disease     

K. S. Motghare  Anil Bhutey  B. B. Murrhar  Madhur Gupta  A. W. Meshram  Y. Balsubramanium 《Indian journal of clinical biochemistry : IJCB》2001,16(2):213-215

With the growing interest in the concept of free radicals in the pathogenesis of myocardial ischemia, it was thought worthwhile to study the changes in lipid peroxides and antioxidant enzyme glutathione peroxidase (GPx) in ischemic heart disease (IHD). The study was carried out on 76 patients of IHD-38 of acute myocardial infarction (AMI) and 38 of stable ischemic heart disease (SIDH). They were age and sex matched with 38 normal healthy controls. A significant increase (p<0.001) in lipid peroxides as malondialdehyde (MDA) (5.9±0.7 mmol/L) and a decrease in GPx (24.6±2.2 U/gmHb) was found in patients of AMI when compared with controls. There was no significant difference in these values in SIHD. Thus this study confirms the earlier findings that MDA and GPx are useful parameters in IHD and their magnitude is dependent on severity and/or duration of ischemia. We suggest that these tests would be of use in smaller institutions with limited facilities.  相似文献   

Effect of Oestrogen on Altering the Serum and Urinary Levels of Calcium,Phosphate and Magnesium in Hysterectomised Women Compared to Natural Menopausal South Indian Women: A Case Control Study     

Yeldose Sonu  S. S. Avinash  Sreekantha  K. Arun Kumar  M. Malathi  A. R. Shivashankara 《Indian journal of clinical biochemistry : IJCB》2016,31(3):326-331

Given the paucity of studies conducted to know the effect of suddenness and earlier onset of endocrinological changes associated with hysterectomy, on the serum and urinary levels of calcium, magnesium and phosphate the present study was conducted to compare the levels of calcium, magnesium and phosphate in serum and urine of hysterectomised and natural menopausal south Indian women. This is a cross-sectional observational study. The study included three groups of 30 healthy premenopausal, 30 early surgical menopausal and 30 natural post menopausal women. Women suffering from any endocrine disease were excluded. Analysis was performed in serum and urine sample. The levels of calcium, magnesium and phosphate in serum and calcium/creatinine, magnesium/creatinine and phosphate/creatinine ratio were estimated in urine by spectrophotometric method. Hysterectomised women (serum calcium: 8.7 ± 0.09 mg/dl; urine calcium/creatinine: 0.16 ± 0.02) have significantly low serum calcium (p < 0.001) and high urinary calcium/creatinine (p = 0.002) ratio and post menopausal women (serum magnesium: 2.1 ± 0.03; serum phosphate: 4.4 ± 0.16; urinary calcium/creatinine: 0.17 ± 0.02; urinary magnesium/creatinine: 0.09 ± 0.01) have significantly high serum magnesium (p = 0.016), serum phosphate (p = 0.043) and high urinary calcium/creatinine (p = 0.002), magnesium/creatinine ratio (p = 0.025) compared to healthy pre menopausal women. Post menopausal women (serum calcium: 9.1 ± 0.08) have significantly high serum calcium and phosphate compared to hysterectomised women (serum phosphate: 3.93 ± 0.11). Hysterectomised women have significantly low serum calcium, oestrogen and high urinary calcium/creatinine ratio compared to healthy premenopausal women and low serum calcium and low serum phosphate compared to natural postmenopausal women. Natural postmenopausal women had low serum oestrogen and high serum magnesium, serum phosphate, urinary calcium creatinine ratio and urinary magnesium creatinine ratio compared to healthy premenopausal women.  相似文献   

Science Education in Review: Response to the Secretary’s Summit of 2004     

David D. Kumar  Kent J. Crippen 《Journal of Science Education and Technology》2005,14(2):143-145

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