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11.
What Develops in Infants’ Spatial Categorization? Korean Infants’ Categorization of Containment and Tight‐Fit Relations 
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下载免费PDF全文 Korean‐learning infants’ categorization of two spatial categories, one consistent and one inconsistent with the Korean semantic category of “kkita,” was examined. Infants of 10 months (n = 32) and 18 months (n = 49) were tested on their categorization of containment or tight fit spatial relations. At 10 months, infants only formed a category of containment, but at 18 months, their categorization of tight fit was significantly stronger than containment. The results suggest that Korean infants benefit from their language environment in forming a category of tight fit when the exemplars are perceptually diverse. In particular, infants’ language environment may bolster their ability to generalize across diverse exemplars to form abstract categorical representations of spatial relations. 相似文献
12.
Knowledge sharing is a critical step for successful knowledge management. However, sharing knowledge not only requires time and effort of a knowledge worker but also reduces the unique value or power that the worker enjoys in the organization. Therefore, for successful knowledge sharing, a reward system is used to compensate knowledge sharing activities. In this paper, we consider a situation where there exists measurement inaccuracy in the actual amount of knowledge shared by risk-averse workers. We analyze the optimal reward system for knowledge sharing and the optimal investment to address measurement inaccuracy. Through the analysis, a simple optimal reward system is derived. This system is linear in the amount of knowledge sharing and compensates for the workers’ costs of knowledge sharing and risk-bearing. Additionally, the optimal investment to improve measurement accuracy is characterized by balancing the investment cost against the workers’ risk-bearing cost. Finally, a comparative statics analysis is conducted to investigate the effect of changes in exogenous factors on the optimal reward system, the amount of knowledge sharing, and the amount of optimal investment. Insights from our analysis can contribute to the better management of knowledge sharing through reward systems and the effective implementation of a knowledge management system. 相似文献
13.
A meta-analysis of morphological interventions: effects on literacy achievement of children with literacy difficulties 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
This study synthesizes 79 standardized mean-change differences between control and treatment groups from 17 independent studies,
investigating the effect of morphological interventions on literacy outcomes for students with literacy difficulties. Average
total sample size ranged from 15 to 261 from a wide range of grade levels. Overall, morphological instruction showed a significant
improvement on literacy achievement ([`(d)] \overline d = 0.33). Specifically, its effect was significant on several literacy outcomes such as phonological awareness ([`(d)] \overline d = 0.49), morphological awareness ([`(d)] \overline d = 0.40), vocabulary ([`(d)] \overline d = 0.40), reading comprehension ([`(d)] \overline d = 0.24), and spelling ([`(d)] \overline d = 0.20). Morphological instruction was particularly effective for children with reading, learning, or speech and language
disabilities, English language learners, and struggling readers, suggesting the possibility that morphological instruction
can remediate phonological processing challenges. Other moderators were also explored to explain differences in morphological
intervention effects. These findings suggest students with literacy difficulties would benefit from morphological instruction. 相似文献
14.
Yueyang Li Hamid Reza Karimi Choon Ki Ahn Yuan Xu Dong Zhao 《Journal of The Franklin Institute》2018,355(7):3330-3353
This work deals with the problem of optimal residual generation for fault detection (FD) in linear discrete time-varying (LDTV) systems subject to uncertain observations. By introducing a generalized fault detection filter (FDF) with four parameter matrices as the residual generator, a novel FDF design scheme is formulated as two bi-objective optimization problems such that the sensitivity of residual to fault is enhanced and the robustness of residual to unknown input is simultaneously strengthened. A generalized operator based optimization approach is proposed to deduce solutions to the corresponding optimization problems in operator forms, where the related H∞/H∞ or FD performance index is maximized. With the aid of the addressed methods, the connections among the derived solutions are explicitly announced. The parameter matrices of the FDF are analytically derived via solving simple matrix equations recursively. It is revealed that our proposed results establish an operator-based framework of optimal residual generation for some kinds of linear discrete-time systems. Illustrative examples are given to show the applicability and effectiveness of the proposed methods. 相似文献
15.
Helen Ahn Lim 《Journal of Criminal Justice Education》2018,29(2):237-248
An exploratory senior and alumni survey was administered to better assess the experiential learning opportunities, including Service-Learning, offered to students in a criminal justice department. This article highlights the academic, personal and professional development of students, based on the perception of criminal justice majors in the department who completed a Service-Learning course. Educators continue to assess the academic outcomes for students and the benefits to the community. What may be less appreciated is how Service-Learning can also benefit students in their professional skills development. This article illustrates these potential benefits, and also discusses why Service-Learning courses are a critical part of development for criminal justice majors. 相似文献
16.
Helena Colliander Song Ee Ahn Per Andersson 《Journal of Language, Identity & Education》2018,17(5):306-319
Given that it is a delicate task to meet the educational needs of adult emergent readers in a second language setting, this study serves to explore the teaching practice of teachers working with learners of initial literacy and second language. Based on a situated learning perspective, data from 16 lesson observations of nine teachers is analysed. The findings show that teachers initiate and negotiate learning activities, strive to get the students to understand words and other symbols, facilitate participation within and outside the classroom and negotiate the acceptable student behaviour. These findings suggest that Literacy Education and Second Language Learning for Adults (LESLLA) teaching and learning is a particular practice, where the teachers’ actions are intertwined with those of the learners and with the teachers’ conceptions of the learners. In that way, the teachers’ actions do not only speak of the learners, but also of their own professional identity. 相似文献
17.
Su Ahn Jang 《Communication Research Reports》2013,30(4):300-311
This investigation examined the effects of attachment styles and efficacy of communication on avoidance following a relational partner's deceptive communication. Efficacy of communication was explored as a mediating variable. Students (n = 123) who reported being deceived by their relational partner were recruited for the study. The data revealed that, compared to individuals with other attachment styles, those with a high anxious/ambivalent attachment tendency were more likely to avoid discussing the deception with their partner. In addition, efficacy of communication was negatively associated with avoidance. The results further revealed, however, that efficacy of communication mediated the link between attachment and avoidance. More specifically, highly anxious/ambivalent individuals were more likely to perceive relatively low efficacy of communication, and such perception, in turn, influenced their avoidance. Findings of the study provide an explanation for the association between attachment and avoidance. 相似文献
18.
分析深圳、香港、首尔、东京和新加坡五大东亚城市幼儿园教师的工资待遇发现:(1)香港幼儿园教师的工资架构最简单,很难客观反映教师的实际工作表现;深圳和首尔的工资架构最具全面和综合性;东京和新加坡的工资架构相对全面、均衡.(2)东京幼儿园教师的工资水平最高,首尔、香港、深圳随后,新加坡的工资水平最低.(3)从食物购买力角度考察,东京幼儿园教师的实际购买力最强,香港第二,首尔和深圳随后,新加坡最弱.(4)从租房能力角度考察,东京幼儿园教师的实际购买力最强,首尔和深圳随后,香港倒数第二,新加坡倒数第一.针对香港和新加坡幼儿园教师工资待遇偏低问题,研究者建议当地政府进一步完善幼儿园教师工资架构,考虑发放住房、交通、子女教育等津贴,以切实解决幼儿园教师的生活困难,吸引更多优秀人才从事幼儿教育工作. 相似文献
19.
Bonnie Ahn Lolita Boykin Corie Hebert Heidi Kulkin 《Journal of Teaching in Social Work》2013,33(5):487-501
This study explored baccalaureate social work students' self-efficacy at a rural southern university. Bandura's concept of self-efficacy is used as a theoretical base for the study. Students (N = 43) in introductory social work courses and in the field practicum course completed the Foundation Practice Self Efficacy Scale. Following The Council on Social Work Educations 2008 Educational Policy and Accreditation Standards, which recognizes field education as the signature pedagogy of social work education, field students were hypothesized to have higher levels of self-reported self-efficacy than entry-level students. Results suggest that senior level students were more confident in their abilities to practice social work than those students enrolled in an introductory social work course. Implications of this research for social work education are discussed, including the value of using self-efficacy scales in evaluating social work educational program outcomes. 相似文献
20.
This paper presents a droplet-based microfluidic device for concurrent droplet charging and sorting by electrostatic actuation. Water-in-oil droplets can be charged on generation by synchronized electrostatic actuation. Then, simultaneously, the precharged droplets can be electrostatically steered into any designated laminar streamline, thus they can be sorted into one of multiple sorting channels one by one in a controlled fashion. In this paper, we studied the size dependence of the water droplets under various relative flow rates of water and oil. We demonstrated the concurrent charging and sorting of up to 600 droplets∕s by synchronized electrostatic actuation. Finally, we investigated optimized voltages for stable droplet charging and sorting. This is an essential enabling technology for fast, robust, and multiplexed sorting of microdroplets, and for the droplet-based microfluidic systems. 相似文献