User innovation and knowledge sourcing: The case of financial software     

Jongtae Shin  Hyun Shin  P.M. Rao 《The Journal of High Technology Management Research》2012,23(1):58-70

According to user innovation literature, users can create important innovations and the novel functionalities embedded in those user innovations often become the sources of subsequent innovations by both other users and manufacturers. However, manufacturers are often hesitant in commercializing an innovation created by a single user due to the uncertainty around the market demands. We propose that such hesitancy will decrease when an increasing number of other users source knowledge elements from the focal user innovation and reproduce the novel functionality. Once the focal user innovation is commercialized by manufacturers, other users can purchase the novel functionality from the market rather than reproducing it in house. We propose that users capable of drawing on innovation resources are more likely to maintain in-house reproduction of the focal user innovation than users low on innovation resources. By using the Vector Autoregressive (VAR) model and Impulse Response Function (IRF) analysis method, we analyze knowledge sourcing activities from financial software patents data, and the findings provide empirical supports for our propositions.  相似文献   

Dynamic optimal control model for profit maximization of software product under the influence of promotional effort     

P.K. Kapur  Hoang Pham  Vijay Kumar  Adarsh Anand 《The Journal of High Technology Management Research》2012,23(2):122-129

In this paper, a decision model is presented for the sales of software product to determine the profit and marketing policy under the influence of promotional efforts. The paper focuses on dependence of the optimal profit on the promotional efforts when there is diffusion effect of demand on the sales function. An elaborate optimization policy considering the dynamic nature of production cost function is proposed and numerical example is illustrated. The paper also studies the behavior of the future profit and its impact on profit maximization model by considering the constant price during the entire planning horizon. The experimental results greatly help us to identify the contributions of each selected parameter and its weight. Some conclusions, limitations of this study and future direction are also discussed.  相似文献   

The BASES expert statement on exercise, immunity, and infection     

Gleeson M  Walsh NP;British Association of Sport  Exercise Sciences 《Journal of sports sciences》2012,30(3):321-324

An individual's level of physical activity influences their risk of infection, most likely by affecting immune function. Regular moderate exercise reduces the risk of infection compared with a sedentary lifestyle, but very prolonged bouts of exercise and periods of intensified training are associated with an increased risk of infection. There are several lifestyle, nutritional, and training strategies that can be adopted to limit the extent of exercise-induced immunodepression and minimize the risk of infection. This expert statement provides a background summarizing the evidence together with extensive conclusions and practical guidelines.  相似文献   

The planarity of the stickface motion in the field hockey hit     

Willmott AP  Dapena J 《Journal of sports sciences》2012,30(4):369-377

The field hockey hit is an important but poorly understood stroke. In this study, we investigated the planarity of the stickface motion during the downswing to better characterize the kinematics and to assess the suitability of planar pendulum models for simulating the hit. Thirteen experienced female field hockey players were filmed executing hits with a single approach step, and the kinematics of the centre of the stickface were measured. A method was developed for identifying how far back from impact the stickface motion was planar. Orthogonal regression was used to fit least-squares planes to the stickface path during sections of the downswing of varying length, with each section ending at impact. A section was considered planar if the root mean square residual between the stickface path and the fitted plane was less than 0.25% of the distance travelled by the stickface during that period. On average, the stickface motion was planar for the last 83 ± 12% of its downswing path, with the length of the planar section ranging from 1.85 m to 2.70 m. The suitability of a planar model for the stickface motion was supported, but further investigation of the stick and arm kinematics is warranted.  相似文献   

Anthropometric profiles of elite older triathletes in the Ironman Brazil compared with those of young Portuguese triathletes and older Brazilians     

Silva DA  Benedetti TR  Ferrari EP  Meurer ST  Antes DL  Silva AM  Santos DA  Matias CN  Sardinha LB  Vieira F  Petroski EL 《Journal of sports sciences》2012,30(5):479-484

The objective of this study was to describe the anthropometric profiles of elite older triathletes participating in the 2009 Ironman Brazil and to compare their somatotype, anthropometric and body composition characteristics with those of elite young triathletes and older non-athletes. The sample consisted of 64 males, divided into three groups: (1) older triathletes (n = 17), (2) young triathletes (n = 24), and (3) older non-athletes (n = 23). Somatotype was analysed according to the Carter and Heath ( 1990 ) method. Body mass index, sum of four skinfolds, percentage body fat, body fat mass, and fat-free mass were also estimated. Older non-athletes had higher endomorphy, sum of four skinfolds, fat percentage, and body fat mass than the athletes. Older athletes who participated in the Ironman and elite young triathletes had higher fat-free mass than older non-athletes. Older triathletes and older non-athletes were considered mainly endomorphic mesomorphs and young triathletes mainly ectomorphic mesomorphs. The findings that characterize the anthropometric profile of athletes in this sports modality could be used as a reference.  相似文献   

Injury rates in professional soccer players during Ramadan     

Chamari K  Haddad M  Wong del P  Dellal A  Chaouachi A 《Journal of sports sciences》2012,30(Z1):S93-102

Many of the socio-cultural lifestyle and dietary changes that take place during Ramadan may affect the risk of injury in athletes, but little evidence is available. The aim of the present study was to examine the effects over two consecutive years of the holy month of Ramadan on injury rates in 42 professional players of a Tunisian top-level professional soccer team. Players were retrospectively organized into fasting and non-fasting groups and monitored for 3 months: 4 weeks before Ramadan, during the month of Ramadan (4 weeks), and 4 weeks after Ramadan each year. During Ramadan, training started at 22.00 h. The circumstances (training/match) and mechanism of injury (traumatic/overuse) were recorded. No significant differences between the three periods were observed for weekly mean training load, training strain, training duration, and Hooper's Index (quality of sleep, and quantities of stress, delayed-onset muscle soreness, and fatigue). Compared with non-fasting players, fasters had a lower (P < 0.05) Hooper's Index and stress during and after Ramadan. No significant difference in injury rates was observed between fasting and non-fasting players. Nevertheless, the rates of non-contact (6.8 vs. 0.6 and 1.1) and training overuse (5.6 vs. 0.6 and 0.5) injuries were significantly higher in fasting players during the month of Ramadan than before or after Ramadan. In conclusion, Ramadan, along with the corresponding changes in nutritional habits, sleeping schedule, and socio-cultural and religious events, significantly increased overuse and non-contact injuries in fasting players despite the fact that the training load, strain, and duration were maintained.  相似文献   

Design and performance analysis of PID controller for an automatic voltage regulator system using simplified particle swarm optimization     

S. Panda  B.K. Sahu  P.K. Mohanty 《Journal of The Franklin Institute》2012,349(8):2609-2625

This paper presents the design and performance analysis of Proportional Integral Derivate (PID) controller for an Automatic Voltage Regulator (AVR) system using recently proposed simplified Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) also called Many Optimizing Liaisons (MOL) algorithm. MOL simplifies the original PSO by randomly choosing the particle to update, instead of iterating over the entire swarm thus eliminating the particles best known position and making it easier to tune the behavioral parameters. The design problem of the proposed PID controller is formulated as an optimization problem and MOL algorithm is employed to search for the optimal controller parameters. For the performance analysis, different analysis methods such as transient response analysis, root locus analysis and bode analysis are performed. The superiority of the proposed approach is shown by comparing the results with some recently published modern heuristic optimization algorithms such as Artificial Bee Colony (ABC) algorithm, Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) algorithm and Differential Evolution (DE) algorithm. Further, robustness analysis of the AVR system tuned by MOL algorithm is performed by varying the time constants of amplifier, exciter, generator and sensor in the range of ?50% to +50% in steps of 25%. The analysis results reveal that the proposed MOL based PID controller for the AVR system performs better than the other similar recently reported population based optimization algorithms.  相似文献   

An approach to web-based Personal Health Records filtering using fuzzy prototypes and data quality criteria     

Francisco P. Romero  Ismael CaballeroJesus Serrano-Guerrero  Jose A. Olivas 《Information processing & management》2012

Nowadays, new ways of managing and accessing to health-care information are continuously appearing. Web-based Personal Health Records (web PHRs) have the potential to make data about health-care available to clinicians, researchers and students in different medical contexts and applications. Therefore, the amount of web PHRs accessible through Internet has grown enormously and as a result health-care professionals are currently burdened with more and more data. It’s probable that these data, unfortunately, have not always the adequate levels of quality, making that their work cannot always be as successful as expected. As a way of alleviating this fact, the present work is focused on improving the document filtering results in the context of web PHRs management. To achieve this goal, a new kind of document filtering model is proposed. This model is based on fuzzy prototypes which are defined by means of conceptual prototypes. These prototypes are obtained by using a data quality analysis of documents. This analysis guarantees that filtered information will be relevant enough for the information user. The complete model provides an efficient strategy of document filtering that can be very useful when it is necessary to deal with a constant flow of new information.  相似文献   

Various Anticoagulants and Fluoride do not Affect HbA1C Level     

Maneesh Mailankot  Thushara Thomas  P. Praveena  Juliet Jacob  Jobin Rajan Benjamin  D. M. Vasudevan 《Indian journal of clinical biochemistry : IJCB》2012,27(2):209-209

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An institutional theory investigation of U.S. technology development trends since the mid-19th century     

Jason M. Pattit  S.P. Raj  David Wilemon 《Research Policy》2012,41(2):306-318

Drawing on institutional theory, we examine how institutions have influenced technology development trends in the U.S. since the mid-19th century. Based on an inductive analysis of the history of technology development and corporate R&D, we show that both formal and informal institutional rules and constraints played a role in the initial rise of markets for technology, their decline during the early-20th century, and their eventual return at the end of the 20th century. We also find that formal and informal institutions influenced the widespread adoption of in-house R&D labs during the mid-20th century. Our study integrates insights from both the economics and sociology branches of institutional theory. This perspective is particularly useful to analyze historical phenomenon and shifts in trends across long time periods.  相似文献