Whole Class Dialogic Discussion Meets Taiwan’s Physics Teachers: Attitudes and Culture     

Haim Eshach  Hsin-Kai Wu  Fu-Kwun Hwang  Ying-Shao Hsu 《Journal of Science Education and Technology》2014,23(1):183-197

There is a distance between the power that whole class dialogic discussions (WCDD) may offer to the science class and their use in practice. Teachers’ attitudes toward WCDD are part of the problem. The aims of this study were twofold: (a) to examine Taiwanese physics teachers’ attitudes toward WCDD by considering cultural perspectives and describe how these attitudes changed as a result of a special workshop designed for this purpose, and (b) to report on how these attitudes should be taken into account in designing such workshops in the future. Nine experienced physics teachers participated in the WCDD workshop. The workshop was based on the WCDD model developed by Eshach (2010). Inductive analyses were performed on interviews with the teachers and their students, which were composed of 36 questions and developed specially for the purpose of this study, yielded the following categories: (1) In-school reasons for opposing WCDD—reasons belonging to school ways/tradition of teaching that may cause barriers to WCDD implementation; (2) External Factors—cultural reasons relating to Taiwanese views concerning education in general, which cause barriers to WCDD implementation; and (3) Cognitive aspect—refers to what teachers know about WCDD. The paper concludes with a discussion on what should be done in order to successfully bring WCDD to the Taiwanese physics class.  相似文献   

Microfluidic conformal coating of non-spherical magnetic particles     

Byeong-Ui Moon  Navid Hakimi  Dae Kun Hwang  Scott S. H. Tsai 《Biomicrofluidics》2014,8(5)

We present the conformal coating of non-spherical magnetic particles in a co-laminar flow microfluidic system. Whereas in the previous reports spherical particles had been coated with thin films that formed spheres around the particles; in this article, we show the coating of non-spherical particles with coating layers that are approximately uniform in thickness. The novelty of our work is that while liquid-liquid interfacial tension tends to minimize the surface area of interfaces—for example, to form spherical droplets that encapsulate spherical particles—in our experiments, the thin film that coats non-spherical particles has a non-minimal interfacial area. We first make bullet-shaped magnetic microparticles using a stop-flow lithography method that was previously demonstrated. We then suspend the bullet-shaped microparticles in an aqueous solution and flow the particle suspension with a co-flow of a non-aqueous mixture. A magnetic field gradient from a permanent magnet pulls the microparticles in the transverse direction to the fluid flow, until the particles reach the interface between the immiscible fluids. We observe that upon crossing the oil-water interface, the microparticles become coated by a thin film of the aqueous fluid. When we increase the two-fluid interfacial tension by reducing surfactant concentration, we observe that the particles become trapped at the interface, and we use this observation to extract an approximate magnetic susceptibility of the manufactured non-spherical microparticles. Finally, using fluorescence imaging, we confirm the uniformity of the thin film coating along the entire curved surface of the bullet-shaped particles. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first demonstration of conformal coating of non-spherical particles using microfluidics.  相似文献   

Of human bodies in scientific communication and enculturation     

SungWon Hwang  Wolff‐Michael Roth 《课程研究杂志》2013,45(3):353-379

This paper argues against a view of curriculum as a means for moulding students into, and making teachers accountable for, something pre‐determined and singularly governed by qualification demands of the labour market. It makes a case for the value of inter‐subjective teacher–student relationships in education and addresses the significance of negotiations and their open‐endedness. This paper draws its empirical material from case studies for which interviews were the main source for gathering data. The data analyses were made using the AtlasTi software designed for qualitative analysis. In the empirical material were found instances of negotiations in which inter‐subjective relationships are established and maintained; negotiations that are rendered obscured or even invisible from a qualification purpose but that influence the educational processes. The results show that teachers and students creatively use potentials within contextual conditions to attain relationships which sometimes constitute a precondition for education.  相似文献   

How the Elderly Can Use Scientific Knowledge to Solve Problems While Designing Toys: A Retrospective Analysis of the Design of a Working UFO     

Mei-Yung Chen  Ming-Yueh Hwang  Wan-Tzu Wong 《Educational gerontology》2013,39(6):386-397

The venerable aphorism “an old dog cannot learn new tricks” implies that the elderly rarely learn anything new—in particular, scientific knowledge. On the basis of “learning by doing,” the present study emphasized knowledge application (KA) as elderly subjects collaborated on the design of a toy flying saucer (UFO). Three types of KA were identified by questioning the work: Type 1—knowing neither how nor why; Type 2—knowing how, but not why; and, Type 3—knowing how and why. The results indicated that female elderly subjects more often exhibited Type 1 of KA compared with male elderly. The evidence supported a KA of Type 3 for those who had a science background, as they performed better than those without a science background. However, even those without a science background were able to produce science toys if they worked cooperatively, particularly when they could learn from others who had a science background.  相似文献   

The study of surface computer supported cooperative work and its design,efficiency, and challenges     

Wu-Yuin Hwang  Jia-Han Su 《Interactive Learning Environments》2013,21(2):177-198

In this study, a Surface Computer Supported Cooperative Work paradigm is proposed. Recently, multitouch technology has become widely available for human–computer interaction. We found it has great potential to facilitate more awareness of human-to-human interaction than personal computers (PCs) in colocated collaborative work. However, other studies and modern operating systems have rarely been concerned with colocated interactions in their user interface (UI) design. Therefore, one UI framework, which we have named Surface Application Framework (SAF), is proposed to support multitouch and multiuser applications on tabletop computers. To explore the effects of wide area SAFs on colocated collaboration, one application, capable of making English sentences, was developed based on an SAF. This application was used to conduct a user-centric study to investigate differences between surface computers and PCs. The results show that a surface computer performs better than a PC in creating awareness during collaborative work, but it requires more time due to its poor performance with drag-and-drop operations. Finally, this study summarizes a three-dimensional design approach to consider various trade-offs between awareness and manipulative performances. Additionally, some mechanisms are suggested to be employed to overcome the weakness of drag-and-drop operations with multitouch interfaces in a future study.  相似文献   

Master–slave chaos synchronization using adaptive TSK-type CMAC neural control     

Chia-Wen Wu  Chun-Fei Hsu  Chi-Kuang Hwang 《Journal of The Franklin Institute》2011,348(8):1847-1868

In this paper, an adaptive TSK-type CMAC neural control (ATCNC) system via sliding-mode approach is proposed for the chaotic symmetric gyro. The proposed ATCNC system is composed of a neural controller and a supervisory compensator. The neural controller uses a TSK-type CMAC neural network (TCNN) to approximate an ideal controller and the supervisory compensator is designed to guarantee system stable in the Lyapunov stability theorem. The developed TCNN provides more powerful representation than the traditional CMAC neural network. Moreover, all the control parameters of the proposed ATCNC system are evolved in the Lyapunov sense to ensure the system stability with a proportional–integral (PI) type adaptation tuning mechanism. Some simulations are presented to confirm the validity of the proposed ATCNC scheme without the occurrence of chattering phenomena. Further, the proposed PI type adaptation laws can achieve faster convergence of the tracking error than that using integral type adaptation laws in previous published papers.  相似文献   

An accurate analytical formula for the essential joint probability of framed slotted aloha protocols     

In-Hang Chung  Ming-Ching Yen  Chi-Kuang Hwang 《Journal of The Franklin Institute》2013,350(10):3432-3440

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From Analog Dollars to Digital Dimes: A Look into the Performance of US Newspapers     

Hsiang Iris Chyi  Ori Tenenboim 《Journalism Practice》2019,13(8):988-992

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A Systematic Analysis of Experimental Studies Targeting Fractions for Students with Mathematics Difficulties     

Jiwon Hwang  Paul J. Riccomini  Seok Yoon Hwang  Stephanie Morano 《Learning disabilities research & practice》2019,34(1):47-61

Developing an understanding of fractions is critical and is an educational focus, as reflected in national standards and principles. This study conducted a quantitative synthesis of 22 experimental studies to investigate the overall efficacy of previously conducted fraction interventions compared to standard instruction. Instruction type and achievement level were used to examine variations of the effect sizes. The results indicated that intervention was more effective than standard instruction only in problem‐solving domains, and the effects were differentiated by instruction type and achievement level. This study provides a diagnostic view of the current state of U.S. mathematics education on fractions, along with insights for future directions in fraction instruction, particularly focusing on students with mathematics difficulties. Educational implications and limitations are discussed.  相似文献   

Enhancing polyphenol extraction from unripe apples by carbohydrate-hydrolyzing enzymes     

Hu-zhe Zheng  In-Wook Hwang  Shin-Kyo Chung 《Journal of Zhejiang University. Science. B》2009,10(12):912-919

The effects of process variables such as enzyme types, enzyme ratio, reaction temperature, pH, time, and ethanol concentration on the extraction of unripe apple polyphenol were investigated. The results indicated that Viscozyme L had the strongest effect on polyphenols extraction and was selected to study the polyphenol composition. The ratio of enzyme (Viscozyme L) to substrate (2 fungal beta-glucanase units (FBG)) at 0.02, reaction at pH 3.7,50 ℃ for 12 h, and ethanol concentration of 70% were chosen as the most favorable extraction condition. Total phenolic content (TPC), reducing sugar content (RSC), and extraction yield increased by about 3,1.5, and 2 times, respectively, compared with control. The contents of p-coumaric acid, ferulic acid, and caffeic acid increased to 8,4, and 32 times, respectively. The enzyme-aided polyphenol extraction process from unripe apples might be applied to food industry for enhancing bioactive compound production.  相似文献