Testing the fairness of citation indicators for comparison across scientific domains: The case of fractional citation counts     

Filippo Radicchi  Claudio Castellano 《Journal of Informetrics》2012,6(1):121-130

Citation numbers are extensively used for assessing the quality of scientific research. The use of raw citation counts is generally misleading, especially when applied to cross-disciplinary comparisons, since the average number of citations received is strongly dependent on the scientific discipline of reference of the paper. Measuring and eliminating biases in citation patterns is crucial for a fair use of citation numbers. Several numerical indicators have been introduced with this aim, but so far a specific statistical test for estimating the fairness of these numerical indicators has not been developed. Here we present a statistical method aimed at estimating the effectiveness of numerical indicators in the suppression of citation biases. The method is simple to implement and can be easily generalized to various scenarios. As a practical example we test, in a controlled case, the fairness of fractional citation count, which has been recently proposed as a tool for cross-discipline comparison. We show that this indicator is not able to remove biases in citation patterns and performs much worse than the rescaling of citation counts with average values.  相似文献   

Perceived Effects of Emotion Intensity on Athletic Performance     

Claudio Robazza  Laura Bortoli  Yuri Hanin 《Research quarterly for exercise and sport》2013,84(3):372-385

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Promotion of participation and mediation in multicultural classrooms     

Claudio Baraldi  Elisa Rossi 《Irish Educational Studies》2013,32(3):383-401

This essay presents the theoretical framework and main results of a research on intercultural mediation which has been performed in eight multicultural classrooms of Italian secondary schools. Intercultural mediation is conceived as a form of dialogic communication which should empower empathic and equal relationships between the participants by changing the existent negative patterns (dialogic mediation). The empirical features of mediation have been investigated in the interactions between mediators and adolescents in the selected classrooms. The analysis demonstrated that some dialogic actions were effective in empowering students’ personal expressions, promoting effective reflections and new narratives about their relationships, and management of their conflicts. Two limitations of dialogic mediation emerged from the analysis: (1) dialogic actions were always effective in demonstrating mediators’ involvement and coordination with students, but they were only occasionally effective in promoting dialogue among students; (2) promotion of active participation was more frequently successful than coordination of reflection and conflict management.  相似文献   

SENIOR CISE : A PRINT EXERCISE INTERVENTION FOR OLDER ADULTS     

Nicole D. Jones  Michelle R. Della Corte  Claudio R. Nigg  Phillip G. Clark  Patricia M. Burbank  Cindy Padula  Carol Ewing Garber 《Educational gerontology》2013,39(8):717-728

This study was conducted to examine the efficacy of an inexpensive educational print exercise intervention based on the Transtheoretical Model (TTM) for older adults. Secondary objectives of this study were to examine the quality of the print intervention and possible ways to improve it through survey techniques. This was a posttest survey design. Information about the Senior cise booklet was distributed to senior housing communities and recreation centers throughout Rhode Island. One hundred thirty-three posters and 5,280 pamphlets with return postcards for ordering the Senior cise booklet were delivered over a period of nine months. Individuals who requested the booklet were contacted via telephone two weeks following mailing to assess the efficacy and quality of the booklet. Ninety-eight individuals requested the booklet and 61 participants completed the evaluation (mean age = 73 - 5.3 years; 77.1% female). The majority of participants found the booklet of good quality, stated that it created an interest, and said it inspired them to actually engage in physical activity. Survey participants cited only a few main good points and negative points about the booklet in general. The use of an inexpensive educational print intervention (Senior cise ) based on the TTM was well received and successful in engaging older adults to consider and participate in physical activity. The positive and negative points cited about the booklet will allow other researchers a better insight into what can make educational print interventions successful. Experimental research designs are recommended to evaluate more fully the efficacy of future exercise based print interventions.  相似文献   

我的一片心     

佚名 《海外英语》2009,(3)

1一天,一个青年站立在小镇中心宣称他拥有一颗全山谷最美的心。人群围聚在一起,都羡慕他有一颗如此完美的心。那颗心上没有任何痕迹和瑕疵。是的,他们都认同这是他们看过最美的心。那青年非常自豪,更加大声地夸耀他那美丽的心。  相似文献   

A dynamical systems approach for the submaximal prediction of maximum heart rate and maximal oxygen uptake     

Michael J. Mazzoleni  Claudio L. Battaglini  Kerry J. Martin  Erin M. Coffman  Jordan A. Ekaidat  William A. Wood  Brian P. Mann 《Sports Engineering》2018,21(1):31-41

This study examines the viability of utilizing a dynamical system model and heuristic parameter estimation algorithm to make predictions for maximum heart rate (\(\mathrm {HR_{max}}\)) and maximal oxygen uptake (\(\dot{\mathrm {V}}{\mathrm {O_{2max}}}\)) using data collected from a submaximal testing protocol. \(\dot{\mathrm {V}}{\mathrm {O_{2max}}}\) is widely considered to be the best single measurement of overall fitness in humans. When a \(\dot{\mathrm {V}}{\mathrm {O_{2max}}}\) assessment is not available, \(\mathrm {HR_{max}}\) is often used to prescribe exercise intensities for training and rehabilitation. In the absence of maximal cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET), \(\mathrm {HR_{max}}\) and \(\dot{\mathrm {V}}{\mathrm {O_{2max}}}\) are typically estimated using traditional submaximal prediction methods with well-known limitations and inaccuracies. For this study, 12 regularly exercising healthy young adult males performed a bout of maximal CPET on a cycle ergometer to determine their true \(\mathrm {HR_{max}}\) and \(\dot{\mathrm {V}}{\mathrm {O_{2max}}}\). Participants also performed a submaximal bout of exercise at varied intensities. A dynamical system model and heuristic parameter estimation algorithm were applied to the submaximal data to estimate the participants’ \(\mathrm {HR_{max}}\) and \(\dot{\mathrm {V}}{\mathrm {O_{2max}}}\). The submaximal predictions were evaluated by computing the coefficient of determination \({R^2}\) and the standard error of the estimate (SEE) through comparisons with the true maximal values for \(\mathrm {HR_{max}}\) (\({R^2 = 0.96}\), SEE = 2.4 bpm) and \(\dot{\mathrm {V}}{\mathrm {O_{2max}}}\) (\({R^2 = 0.93}\), SEE = 2.1 mL kg\(^{-1}\) min\(^{-1}\)). The results from this study suggest that a dynamical system model and heuristic parameter estimation algorithm can provide accurate predictions for \(\mathrm {HR_{max}}\) and \(\dot{\mathrm {V}}{\mathrm {O_{2max}}}\) using data collected from a submaximal testing protocol.  相似文献   

Body composition,metabolism, sleep,psychological and eating patterns of overtraining syndrome: Results of the EROS study (EROS-PROFILE)     

Flavio A. Cadegiani  Claudio E. Kater 《Journal of sports sciences》2018,36(16):1902-1910

Overtraining syndrome (OTS) is caused by an imbalance between training, nutrition and resting, and leads to decreased performance and fatigue; however, the precise underlying triggers of OTS remain unclear. This study investigated the body composition, metabolism, eating, sleeping patterns and mood states among participants with OTS. Selected participants were divided into OTS-affected athletes (OTS, n = 14), healthy athletes (ATL, n = 25), and healthy non-physically active controls (NCS, n = 12). Compared to ATL, OTS showed decreased sleep quality (p = 0.004); increased duration of work or study (p < 0.001); decreased libido (p = 0.024); decreased calorie (p < 0.001), carbohydrate (p < 0.001) and protein (p < 0.001) intakes; decreased mood states (p < 0.001); decreased basal metabolic rate (p = 0.013) and fat burning (p < 0.001); increased body fat (p = 0.006); decreased muscle mass (p = 0.008); and decreased hydration (p < 0.001). Levels were similar between OTS and NCS, except for worsened fatigue (p < 0.001) and vigour (p = 0.001) in OTS. Reduced calorie intake, worsened sleep, and increased cognitive activity are likely OTS triggers. OTS appears to induce dehydration, increase body fat, decrease libido, and worsen mood.  相似文献   

Nearest neighbor search in metric spaces through Content-Addressable Networks     

Fabrizio Falchi  Claudio Gennaro  Pavel Zezula 《Information processing & management》2008

Most of the Peer-to-Peer search techniques proposed in the recent years have focused on the single-key retrieval. However, similarity search in metric spaces represents an important paradigm for content-based retrieval in many applications. In this paper we introduce an extension of the well-known Content-Addressable Network paradigm to support storage and retrieval of more generic metric space objects. In particular we address the problem of executing the nearest neighbors queries, and propose three different algorithms of query execution. An extensive experimental study on real-life data sets explores the performance characteristics of the proposed algorithms by showing their advantages and disadvantages.  相似文献   

Clinical and biochemical characteristics of high-intensity functional training (HIFT) and overtraining syndrome: findings from the EROS study (The EROS-HIFT)     

Flavio A. Cadegiani  Claudio E. Kater  Matheus Gazola 《Journal of sports sciences》2019,37(11):1296-1307

The metabolic and hormonal consequences of high-intensity functional training regimens such as CrossFit® (CF) are unclear. Little is known about the triggers and clinical and biochemical features of CF-related overtraining syndrome (OTS). The EROS study compared endocrine and metabolic responses, and eating, social, psychological and body characteristics of OTS-affected (OTS) and healthy athletes (ATL), and non-physically active controls (NPAC). The current study is a post-hoc analysis of the CF subgroups of the EROS study, to evaluate specific characteristics of CF in ATL and OTS. Parameters were overall and pairwise compared among OTS-affected (CF-OTS) and healthy (CF-ATL) athletes that exclusively practiced CF, and NPAC. CF-ATL yielded earlier and enhanced cortisol, GH, and prolactin responses to an insulin tolerance test (ITT), increased neutrophils, lower lactate, increased testosterone, improved sleep quality, better psychological performance, increased measured-to-predicted basal metabolic rate (BMR) ratio and fat oxidation, and better hydration, when compared to NPAC. Conversely, more than 90% of the adaptive changes in CF were lost under OTS, including an attenuation of the hormonal responses to an ITT, increased estradiol, decreased testosterone, and decreased BMR and fat oxidation; the most remarkable trigger of OTS among “HIFT athletes” was the long-term low carbohydrate and calorie intake.  相似文献   

The geometric curvature of the spine during the sirshasana,the yoga’s headstand     

Mário Hebling Campos  Nayane Martins Giraldi  Paulo Gentil  Claudio Andre Barbosa de Lira  Carlos A. Vieira  Marcelo Costa de Paula 《Journal of sports sciences》2017,35(12):1134-1141

This study analysed the behaviour of the geometric curvature of the spine during sirshasana. The position of dorsal retroreflective markers was computed via stereophotogrammetric analysis in six males and five females (29.4 ± 8.8 years, 63.0 ± 11.4 kg, 1.66 ± 0.08 m [average ± standard deviation]). The spinal points were projected onto the sagittal and frontal planes of the trunk, a polynomial was fitted to the data and the two-dimensional geometric curvature was quantified. The inferior lumbar lordosis decreased compared to the orthostatic position and gait, which may favour the posterior protrusion of the lumbar spinal nucleus pulposus in people with posterior herniation. The lateral deviation at the middle of the thoracic spine increases during sirshasana, which may reflect increased difficulties for postural control and spinal loads. It could be useful for promoting positive spinal structural and functional chronic adaptations for healthy participants, if the yoga programme is carefully planned and the spinal alignment is carefully monitored during a headstand. However, it may aggravate some spinal diseases, especially scoliosis.  相似文献