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241.
The inability to develop, strengthen, and access associations in memory that allow for the rapid and accurate retrieval of answers to basic addition problems is a distinguishing characteristic of a mathematics learning difficulty. The ‘two-factor theory of math fact learning’ (Robinson, Menchetti, & Torgesen, 2002) proposes that a weakness in semantic or phonological processing relating to number underlies such difficulty. The empirical support for this theory has been limited. In this study the basic addition performance of five adolescent students still reliant on counting was examined. A regression analysis of reaction times to counting trials revealed counting-speed to be an important factor in helping to explain why practice had not led to retrieval. The findings are discussed in terms of advancing the two-factor theory of math fact learning and implications for instruction are considered. 相似文献
242.
Dietrich Boles Markus Dreger Kai Gro?johann Cornelia Haber Andreas Kusserow Stefan Lohrum Dirk Menke Jochen Meyer Gerhard M?ller und Ricarda Weber 《Informatik - Forschung und Entwicklung》1998,13(3):110-121
Zusammenfassung. Ziele des MeDoc-Projektes waren die Konzeption, prototypische Entwicklung und Erprobung volltextbasierter Informations- und
Publikationsdienste für die Informatik, um den Informationsaustausch und die Literaturversorgung in der Wissenschaft effektiver
gestalten zu k?nnen. Dazu wurde im Rahmen des Projektes ein internet-basiertes System entwickelt, in dem Informatik & Fachinformation
im Volltext gespeichert, recherchiert, abgerufen und gelesen werden kann und das die Suche nach Informatik-Literatur in heterogenen,
verteilten Informationsquellen im Internet unterstützt. Das Informationsangebot ist dabei teilweise kostenpflichtig. In diesem
Artikel werden Ziele, Funktionalit?t und Architektur des MeDoc-Systems beschrieben.
Eingegangen am 19. Januar 1998 / Angenommen am 27. April 1998 相似文献
243.
This investigation evaluated whether the mirror image could be confirmed and extended to include an ally and an enemy's ally. At the time of the 1973 Arab-Israeli War, 50 Arab students (chiefly from the confrontation states) who were attending Pakistani universities completed five semantic differental scales (brave-coward, honest-deceitful, kind-cruel, peaceful-agressive and dependable-unreliable) on two matricss: (1) Self-image and Enemy-image, (2) Ally-image and Enemy's Ally-image. Fifty Israeli students at Hebrew University also completed the scales. Thus, both groups rated Americans, Arabs, Israelis and Russians for the appropriate categories. Results confirm the mirror image from both Arabs and Israelis and its extension to Ally-image and Enemy's Ally-image. The data are somewhat clearer for the Arabs. Ratings for Israelis' Ally (Americans) are about as high as Self. The discussion offers possible explanations of the results. 相似文献
244.
E.D. Lawson 《Int J Intercult Relat》1977,1(1):105-117
To test conflicting hypotheses regarding differences between Christian Arabs, Moslem Arabs, and Jews in reported critical incidents of reward and punishment. 1,440 children, grades 2–12 from Israel and the West Bank, were interviewed on critical incidents of reward and punishment. The groups in Israel represented: Christians, Moslems, non-Orthodox Jews, and Orthodox Jews; on the West Bank: Christians and Moslems. Results show support for Dennis in that the Arab groups were homogeneous and reflected traditional Arab values and strong family orientation. The Jewish groups, while also relatively homogeneous, were significantly different from the Arab groups and reflected values more away from the family and toward the pattern shown by American children. 相似文献
245.
Katherine A. Austin Greta J. Gorsuch William D. Lawson Byron P. Newberry 《Instructional Science》2011,39(6):975-997
The present project embarked on an educational intervention, consisting of a series of online ethics learning modules, to
aid international graduate students in overcoming the acculturation barriers to understanding and inculcating normative ethical
obligations associated with engineering practice and research in the United States. A fundamental initial step in the process
of helping international, as well as domestic, engineering graduate students embrace ethical obligations is to provide clear
instruction on fundamental engineering ethical principles and values relevant in the United States. Most institutes of higher
education do not have a cohesive approach to basic graduate engineering ethics instruction, much less materials that have
been calibrated for international students (National Science Foundation, , 2009). Herein the authors describe our instructional intervention, as well as to document the development, design, and assessment
of the learning modules intended to provide students with a framework for learning ethical precepts and applying them in the
engineering field. Think-Aloud Protocol and Cognitive Task Analysis results were used to improve the content modules and learning
experience. Initial pilot findings indicate that the content modules increased student knowledge acquisition compared to pre-test
performance, indicating a step-forward in the formulation of a useful learning tool for graduate engineering ethics instruction. 相似文献
246.
I. Aguirre-Bielschowsky R. Lawson J. Stephenson S. Todd 《Environmental Education Research》2017,23(6):832-854
The development of energy literacy (knowledge, attitudes, and intended behaviour) and agency of New Zealand children (age 9–10) were investigated through thematic and exploratory statistical analyses of interviews (October 2011–April 2012) with 26 children, their parents and teachers, focus groups and photo elicitation. The children knew that electricity costs money and saw it as a finite resource. Half could name an energy source but few knew of any associated environmental issues. Most of the children had a positive attitude towards saving electricity, but did not intend to save energy to a further extent (low intended behaviour) and were not influencing their families to conserve energy (low agency). The children were learning about energy informally from a variety of sources, and acquired their attitudes mostly from talking to their parents. The results highlight the need for energy education for citizenship at school and conversations about energy both there and at home. 相似文献
247.
This study examined the development of autobiographical memory specificity (AMS) in a longitudinal randomized controlled trial of 242 maltreated and nonmaltreated children (aged 36–86 months; 50.4% male; 39.7% Black, 25.9% White, 34.5% Latinx/other) and their mothers. Half of the maltreated families were randomized to receive an intervention to improve maternal reminiscing. The effects of maltreatment and the intervention on children’s AMS via two indices of maternal reminiscing, sensitive guidance, and elaboration, were evaluated. Bidirectional associations between AMS and child maladjustment were also examined. Intervention-related improvement in maternal sensitive guidance 6-month postintervention (b* = .36) related to greater AMS among maltreated children 1 year later (b* = .19). These findings underscore the role of maternal sensitive guidance in facilitating AMS. 相似文献
248.
Michael Oehrtman Anton E. Lawson 《International Journal of Science and Mathematics Education》2008,6(2):377-403
Disagreements exist among textbook authors, curriculum developers, and even among science and mathematics educators/researchers
regarding the meanings and roles of several key nature-of-science (NOS) and nature-of-mathematics (NOM) terms such as proof,
disproof, hypotheses, predictions, theories, laws, conjectures, axioms, theorems, and postulates. To assess the extent to
which these disagreements may exist among high school science and mathematics teachers, a 14-item survey of the meanings and
roles of the above terms was constructed and administered to a sample of science and mathematics teachers. As expected, the
science teachers performed better than the mathematics teachers on the NOS items (44.1 versus 24.7%, respectively) and the
mathematics teachers performed better than the science teachers on the NOM items (59.0 versus 26.1%, respectively). Nevertheless,
responses indicated considerable disagreement and/or lack of understanding among both groups of teachers concerning the meanings/roles
of proof and disproof and several other key terms. Therefore it appears that these teachers are poorly equipped to help students
gain understanding of these key terms. Classroom use of the If/and/then/Therefore pattern of argumentation, which is employed in this paper to explicate the hypothesis/conjecture testing process, might be
a first step toward rectifying this situation. 相似文献
249.
This article considers the impact of Superhighways technology on schools in the UK, in terms of the debate concerning the development of the conditions of postmodernity. In particular, it charts how the collapse of boundaries associated with postmodernism may have affected traditional divisions within schooling, following the introduction of broadband connectivity and Internet capability to schools and colleges. The authors review the broad approaches taken to the introduction of new technologies, such as the Utopian and Dystopian, transformative and incrementalist. By drawing upon the findings of the Education Departments' Superhighways Initiative, the authors explore the effects of new information and communication technologies on a number of traditional boundaries, including those between curriculum subjects, between pupils and teachers, and, more generally, traditional conceptions of space and time. The article concludes that, although initial indications suggest that the impact of Superhighways capability may be a transformative one, the effect on boundaries is mixed. While some boundaries such as those of space and time seem to be dissolving, others such as the division between academic subjects are much more resistant. 相似文献
250.